1 00:00:14,260 --> 00:00:12,820 our Google+ hangout with three recently 2 00:00:16,359 --> 00:00:14,270 returned crew members from the 3 00:00:18,609 --> 00:00:16,369 International Space Station which is 4 00:00:21,760 --> 00:00:18,619 orbiting 250 miles above the planet 5 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:21,770 right now we have with us veteran 6 00:00:27,939 --> 00:00:24,410 astronauts kevin ford the commander of 7 00:00:31,120 --> 00:00:27,949 expedition 34 Tom Marshburn flight 8 00:00:33,070 --> 00:00:31,130 engineer from expedition 34/35 and Chris 9 00:00:35,110 --> 00:00:33,080 Hadfield the former commander of 10 00:00:37,299 --> 00:00:35,120 expedition 35 of the Canadian Space 11 00:00:40,270 --> 00:00:37,309 Agency the first two astronauts I 12 00:00:41,889 --> 00:00:40,280 mentioned were both NASA astronauts we 13 00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:41,899 have a number of other participants on 14 00:00:47,410 --> 00:00:43,910 the Hangout today we have 15 00:00:51,490 --> 00:00:47,420 representatives of the National Model UN 16 00:00:56,490 --> 00:00:51,500 we have Christina Mader as well as Luigi 17 00:01:01,389 --> 00:00:56,500 Amanda Starr Rossmann we have Eric 18 00:01:04,420 --> 00:01:01,399 Michael Eaton as well as my king from 19 00:01:07,510 --> 00:01:04,430 the National Model UN and we have a 20 00:01:11,529 --> 00:01:07,520 number of participants such as Sean 21 00:01:13,749 --> 00:01:11,539 Flynn from News 14 in North Carolina and 22 00:01:15,460 --> 00:01:13,759 we have cro Frandsen from the birds we 23 00:01:18,850 --> 00:01:15,470 want to welcome everybody to the Hangout 24 00:01:20,710 --> 00:01:18,860 and I want to go first to the crew who 25 00:01:22,749 --> 00:01:20,720 are in the studio here at the Johnson 26 00:01:24,910 --> 00:01:22,759 Space are in Houston for any opening 27 00:01:26,350 --> 00:01:24,920 comments you might want to make guys hey 28 00:01:29,380 --> 00:01:26,360 yeah well this is Kevin can you hear me 29 00:01:31,330 --> 00:01:29,390 Kelly I can hear you great Kevin tastic 30 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:31,340 well welcome everybody who's 31 00:01:36,309 --> 00:01:33,770 participating today it's well it's great 32 00:01:37,809 --> 00:01:36,319 to have everybody aboard and I want to 33 00:01:40,809 --> 00:01:37,819 say I haven't seen too much of these 34 00:01:43,089 --> 00:01:40,819 guys in the last two months I left the 35 00:01:44,320 --> 00:01:43,099 space station about two months ago and 36 00:01:46,029 --> 00:01:44,330 these guys has just been home for a 37 00:01:47,230 --> 00:01:46,039 little bit over a week so they're 38 00:01:49,449 --> 00:01:47,240 they're really in the middle of 39 00:01:50,889 --> 00:01:49,459 reconditioning and everything and we had 40 00:01:52,690 --> 00:01:50,899 a great time one board is the crew of 41 00:01:55,449 --> 00:01:52,700 expedition 34 and then they stayed 42 00:01:57,070 --> 00:01:55,459 aboard and and conducted expedition 35 43 00:01:59,620 --> 00:01:57,080 both of which we think we're really 44 00:02:01,570 --> 00:01:59,630 successful and we're really fun so we're 45 00:02:04,570 --> 00:02:01,580 great friends now it's great to all be 46 00:02:06,729 --> 00:02:04,580 back together and we're happy to be here 47 00:02:09,460 --> 00:02:06,739 and talk NASA with you tell you about 48 00:02:11,170 --> 00:02:09,470 the the space station how outstanding it 49 00:02:11,470 --> 00:02:11,180 is up there how great it is to work on 50 00:02:16,990 --> 00:02:11,480 it 51 00:02:19,479 --> 00:02:17,000 the public in general so thanks for 52 00:02:21,039 --> 00:02:19,489 having us Kelly well great well let's go 53 00:02:23,119 --> 00:02:21,049 ahead and get to your questions first 54 00:02:25,789 --> 00:02:23,129 why waste time 55 00:02:27,530 --> 00:02:25,799 let's let's start out I want to give 56 00:02:34,069 --> 00:02:27,540 Carl Frandsen with the verge of the 57 00:02:35,959 --> 00:02:34,079 first question here thank you can you 58 00:02:39,020 --> 00:02:35,969 hear me all right we can hear you well 59 00:02:40,369 --> 00:02:39,030 sorry I had my mic muted some technical 60 00:02:43,009 --> 00:02:40,379 troubles you guys don't know anything 61 00:02:45,229 --> 00:02:43,019 about that you know in the space station 62 00:02:47,149 --> 00:02:45,239 I'm sure you know went into any troubles 63 00:02:49,039 --> 00:02:47,159 up there but thank you for making the 64 00:02:52,099 --> 00:02:49,049 time we have a question from one of our 65 00:02:54,379 --> 00:02:52,109 readers hear about how emotional your 66 00:02:57,619 --> 00:02:54,389 return to Earth has been how emotional 67 00:03:03,080 --> 00:03:01,399 yeah I can answer I think maybe for all 68 00:03:04,580 --> 00:03:03,090 of us that the first emotion is that 69 00:03:06,710 --> 00:03:04,590 you're leaving behind your brothers 70 00:03:09,140 --> 00:03:06,720 leaving behind a bit of your family 71 00:03:10,759 --> 00:03:09,150 there so I regardless of the 72 00:03:12,589 --> 00:03:10,769 anticipation of getting back to seeing 73 00:03:14,300 --> 00:03:12,599 your own family getting back to the good 74 00:03:15,770 --> 00:03:14,310 things about Earth it's tough to leave 75 00:03:16,990 --> 00:03:15,780 your crewmates after having such an 76 00:03:20,420 --> 00:03:17,000 incredible adventure together 77 00:03:21,530 --> 00:03:20,430 spectacular landing and then as a whole 78 00:03:24,050 --> 00:03:21,540 other story in itself 79 00:03:26,030 --> 00:03:24,060 but once you get back I certainly want 80 00:03:28,099 --> 00:03:26,040 to see our families that's the most 81 00:03:29,899 --> 00:03:28,109 emotional event but after that 82 00:03:32,089 --> 00:03:29,909 everything else just builds day by day 83 00:03:34,610 --> 00:03:32,099 all the pleasures of living on earth the 84 00:03:36,439 --> 00:03:34,620 wind the grass the trees the food it 85 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:36,449 just comes day by day and you enjoy it 86 00:03:40,429 --> 00:03:38,250 but quite a bit we look back at our 87 00:03:41,899 --> 00:03:40,439 adventure in space and I don't know for 88 00:03:46,550 --> 00:03:41,909 me I'd like to get back there someday 89 00:03:49,009 --> 00:03:46,560 maybe we all do all right 90 00:03:51,349 --> 00:03:49,019 hey I've heard it said many times in 91 00:03:54,710 --> 00:03:51,359 many ways that the space station is its 92 00:03:56,719 --> 00:03:54,720 own little United Nations onboard you 93 00:03:58,490 --> 00:03:56,729 have folks from 15 different countries 94 00:04:00,800 --> 00:03:58,500 that are participating in the space 95 00:04:02,839 --> 00:04:00,810 station activity let's take a question 96 00:04:04,839 --> 00:04:02,849 from one of our UN participants maybe we 97 00:04:08,890 --> 00:04:04,849 can start off with my king and and 98 00:04:10,909 --> 00:04:08,900 Michael Eaton with the National Model UN 99 00:04:12,499 --> 00:04:10,919 yeah sure 100 00:04:14,059 --> 00:04:12,509 one of our questions that we got from 101 00:04:15,800 --> 00:04:14,069 some of our students that participate in 102 00:04:17,149 --> 00:04:15,810 our program this is for Kevin 103 00:04:19,189 --> 00:04:17,159 specifically but maybe for all of you 104 00:04:20,930 --> 00:04:19,199 Kevin I read in your bio you have a 105 00:04:22,430 --> 00:04:20,940 degree a master's degree in 106 00:04:24,050 --> 00:04:22,440 international relations in addition to 107 00:04:27,170 --> 00:04:24,060 lots of other degrees where there's a 108 00:04:28,399 --> 00:04:27,180 aerospace engineering other things can 109 00:04:29,719 --> 00:04:28,409 you talk about kind of what your 110 00:04:32,690 --> 00:04:29,729 interest was in international relations 111 00:04:34,940 --> 00:04:32,700 why you got into it for a master's 112 00:04:36,010 --> 00:04:34,950 degree and how its kind of changed your 113 00:04:38,290 --> 00:04:36,020 perspective 114 00:04:41,230 --> 00:04:38,300 in you know as an astronaut in space 115 00:04:43,659 --> 00:04:41,240 working for their astronauts yeah 116 00:04:45,760 --> 00:04:43,669 absolutely well at the time I pursued 117 00:04:48,730 --> 00:04:45,770 that degree I was a military officer 118 00:04:50,379 --> 00:04:48,740 stationed overseas in Germany and I had 119 00:04:51,640 --> 00:04:50,389 just really started traveling the world 120 00:04:54,100 --> 00:04:51,650 you know I grew up in northeastern 121 00:04:55,809 --> 00:04:54,110 Indiana and wet you know just kind of 122 00:04:57,400 --> 00:04:55,819 lived in the same state for the first 22 123 00:04:59,140 --> 00:04:57,410 years and then then I joined the Air 124 00:05:00,640 --> 00:04:59,150 Force and I I was starting to really get 125 00:05:02,980 --> 00:05:00,650 out in the world and see lots of places 126 00:05:05,950 --> 00:05:02,990 and of course since then I've really 127 00:05:09,129 --> 00:05:05,960 seen a lot of the world but I just found 128 00:05:10,360 --> 00:05:09,139 it really really fascinating to get the 129 00:05:12,189 --> 00:05:10,370 perspectives of people in other 130 00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:12,199 countries you know they all have very 131 00:05:16,089 --> 00:05:13,970 different backgrounds where they came 132 00:05:18,640 --> 00:05:16,099 from what their histories are really 133 00:05:21,100 --> 00:05:18,650 kind of dictate how they they look at 134 00:05:23,050 --> 00:05:21,110 the world but but I just thought it was 135 00:05:24,939 --> 00:05:23,060 really fun for in the cultures and 136 00:05:29,620 --> 00:05:24,949 learned some of the languages and 137 00:05:31,149 --> 00:05:29,630 everything and you know to to to make to 138 00:05:32,350 --> 00:05:31,159 get the payoff the ultimate payoff from 139 00:05:33,670 --> 00:05:32,360 that ultimately living on the 140 00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:33,680 International Space Station was 141 00:05:36,790 --> 00:05:35,210 incredible where we could go to Russia 142 00:05:38,339 --> 00:05:36,800 and we could go to Europe and we could 143 00:05:40,480 --> 00:05:38,349 go to Japan all within a few minutes 144 00:05:43,270 --> 00:05:40,490 sometimes within seconds when you're 145 00:05:45,279 --> 00:05:43,280 doing some kinds of drills and working 146 00:05:48,219 --> 00:05:45,289 with those cultures in the training as 147 00:05:50,140 --> 00:05:48,229 well and bringing bringing really all 148 00:05:52,300 --> 00:05:50,150 these these countries together one of 149 00:05:54,640 --> 00:05:52,310 the things that just really warms my 150 00:05:57,189 --> 00:05:54,650 heart is that what a great project the 151 00:05:58,450 --> 00:05:57,199 International Space Station is it you 152 00:06:00,040 --> 00:05:58,460 know it doesn't include every country in 153 00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:00,050 the world but it includes 15 of the most 154 00:06:05,170 --> 00:06:03,050 affluent richest ones who have have a 155 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:05,180 little bit of spare capacity to do 156 00:06:08,529 --> 00:06:06,770 something for future generations and 157 00:06:10,990 --> 00:06:08,539 that's what we're doing up there this is 158 00:06:12,670 --> 00:06:11,000 a project it's a peaceful project so 159 00:06:14,080 --> 00:06:12,680 unique on this planet that we've all 160 00:06:16,089 --> 00:06:14,090 come together to do some really cool 161 00:06:19,420 --> 00:06:16,099 stuff you know and having Chris on board 162 00:06:20,529 --> 00:06:19,430 with me from Canada and akio see day for 163 00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:20,539 the first half of my increment from 164 00:06:25,870 --> 00:06:23,570 Japan and everything just we just all 165 00:06:27,129 --> 00:06:25,880 feel like one group of people and that's 166 00:06:28,510 --> 00:06:27,139 really what we are on this planet one 167 00:06:32,560 --> 00:06:28,520 group of people trying to do something 168 00:06:34,480 --> 00:06:32,570 for the future all right hey I want to 169 00:06:37,120 --> 00:06:34,490 go to one of the Google+ questions that 170 00:06:40,180 --> 00:06:37,130 we got and bring Chris Hadfield into the 171 00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:40,190 conversation the question is that that 172 00:06:44,529 --> 00:06:42,530 they'd love to know what was that 173 00:06:47,840 --> 00:06:44,539 scrumptious first sandwich you had when 174 00:06:53,520 --> 00:06:50,910 you know living on the space station the 175 00:06:56,880 --> 00:06:53,530 food is really good but there's no way 176 00:06:58,410 --> 00:06:56,890 to preserve the texture of the food the 177 00:07:00,540 --> 00:06:58,420 food is good but but it's sort of like 178 00:07:02,460 --> 00:07:00,550 eating the world's best baby food a lot 179 00:07:04,290 --> 00:07:02,470 of it it's all in a pouch or squeezable 180 00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:04,300 something and and the taste is good and 181 00:07:08,100 --> 00:07:05,530 the variety is good and it keeps us 182 00:07:09,720 --> 00:07:08,110 really healthy I've just found out this 183 00:07:12,060 --> 00:07:09,730 week that in fact I came back a little 184 00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:12,070 stronger for straight raw muscle power 185 00:07:17,580 --> 00:07:13,810 than I launched so the food is doing its 186 00:07:19,500 --> 00:07:17,590 job but it's nothing like a big messy 187 00:07:21,480 --> 00:07:19,510 crunchy sandwich and you bite into a 188 00:07:23,220 --> 00:07:21,490 little bits fall down and it's got you 189 00:07:25,710 --> 00:07:23,230 know some crunchy bits and some soft 190 00:07:29,160 --> 00:07:25,720 bits and you know a dill pickle and that 191 00:07:30,900 --> 00:07:29,170 big variety of sliced meat and cheese 192 00:07:33,150 --> 00:07:30,910 and vegetables and lettuce and 193 00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:33,160 everything even though the taste of the 194 00:07:38,940 --> 00:07:35,410 food on board is good the texture and 195 00:07:41,250 --> 00:07:38,950 the aromas and the straight multi-sensor 196 00:07:42,960 --> 00:07:41,260 all pleasure of food is something that 197 00:07:46,920 --> 00:07:42,970 you don't get in orbit and it's one of 198 00:07:49,710 --> 00:07:46,930 the real nice reasons to come home all 199 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:49,720 right thanks a lot Chris I heard you 200 00:07:55,340 --> 00:07:52,810 were doing some experimenting with how 201 00:07:58,130 --> 00:07:55,350 you could mix different foods together 202 00:08:00,540 --> 00:07:58,140 yeah in fact I worked with the guys from 203 00:08:02,220 --> 00:08:00,550 Mythbusters they were looking at fun 204 00:08:04,230 --> 00:08:02,230 stuff that we could do on board together 205 00:08:06,330 --> 00:08:04,240 and they said they talked to some 206 00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:06,340 professional chefs because we have what 207 00:08:12,420 --> 00:08:08,560 looks like a pretty long pantry list of 208 00:08:14,940 --> 00:08:12,430 of pantry items or menu items and they 209 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:14,950 said given this raw material of food how 210 00:08:18,870 --> 00:08:16,930 could you make something you know a 211 00:08:20,250 --> 00:08:18,880 mash-up or something together that would 212 00:08:22,260 --> 00:08:20,260 that would that would be both practical 213 00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:22,270 for us to make and something a little 214 00:08:25,290 --> 00:08:23,680 different than just squeeze in one tube 215 00:08:27,060 --> 00:08:25,300 of something and then another tube of 216 00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:27,070 something and the fact that we have 217 00:08:31,110 --> 00:08:29,410 tortillas on board and little packets of 218 00:08:33,200 --> 00:08:31,120 hot sauce really helped and then we just 219 00:08:37,020 --> 00:08:33,210 chose a couple ingredients and made a 220 00:08:39,120 --> 00:08:37,030 space burrito and it actually worked out 221 00:08:41,190 --> 00:08:39,130 really well broke up some meat it's not 222 00:08:43,110 --> 00:08:41,200 a very good place to mix foods because 223 00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:43,120 as soon as you take something out of the 224 00:08:47,310 --> 00:08:45,370 package it becomes just a flying object 225 00:08:49,980 --> 00:08:47,320 around the inside and it's very hard to 226 00:08:51,420 --> 00:08:49,990 get all things together but but they did 227 00:08:52,890 --> 00:08:51,430 come up with a practical way of just 228 00:08:55,020 --> 00:08:52,900 squeezing and layering a few things into 229 00:08:56,640 --> 00:08:55,030 one burrito and it was good enough that 230 00:08:59,190 --> 00:08:56,650 I talked Chris Cassidy who's up there 231 00:09:00,940 --> 00:08:59,200 right now into trying it after he got up 232 00:09:03,850 --> 00:09:00,950 there and he made the same concoct 233 00:09:07,570 --> 00:09:03,860 and and he really liked it as well so it 234 00:09:10,390 --> 00:09:07,580 was a good practical and and tasty space 235 00:09:12,010 --> 00:09:10,400 recipe a space burrito and I'm gonna use 236 00:09:13,690 --> 00:09:12,020 moderators privilege here to ask you one 237 00:09:15,730 --> 00:09:13,700 more question on that because I saw one 238 00:09:17,440 --> 00:09:15,740 of the recipes involved asparagus and I 239 00:09:19,510 --> 00:09:17,450 gotta ask you does that mean the same 240 00:09:22,810 --> 00:09:19,520 thing to you on orbit as it does on the 241 00:09:24,820 --> 00:09:22,820 ground there's no way to tell it's an 242 00:09:27,850 --> 00:09:24,830 extremely well ventilated environment up 243 00:09:29,800 --> 00:09:27,860 there so so no way to tell asparagus is 244 00:09:32,170 --> 00:09:29,810 is actually asparagus is not all I think 245 00:09:33,370 --> 00:09:32,180 you saw in the video it's it's when 246 00:09:35,320 --> 00:09:33,380 you're eating asparagus that's all you 247 00:09:37,180 --> 00:09:35,330 can do because there's asparagus wants 248 00:09:39,400 --> 00:09:37,190 to launch in every direction it doesn't 249 00:09:41,740 --> 00:09:39,410 have a thick sauce on it and any small 250 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:41,750 hard piece of food or anything just of 251 00:09:44,860 --> 00:09:43,010 course wants to come out of the package 252 00:09:46,090 --> 00:09:44,870 and fly away so you really have to pay 253 00:09:48,040 --> 00:09:46,100 attention and capture the rogue 254 00:09:50,200 --> 00:09:48,050 asparagus each time when you're eating 255 00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:50,210 so it's not a good food to mix with 256 00:09:54,340 --> 00:09:52,370 other ones but but then again it's one 257 00:09:55,810 --> 00:09:54,350 of the few that freeze dries as well 3 258 00:09:57,520 --> 00:09:55,820 freeze dry as well so that when you eat 259 00:09:59,470 --> 00:09:57,530 it it still tastes almost like fresh 260 00:10:00,970 --> 00:09:59,480 fresh vegetables and we look forward we 261 00:10:02,410 --> 00:10:00,980 actually kind of hey who gets the 262 00:10:04,990 --> 00:10:02,420 asparagus today because it's one of the 263 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:05,000 high demand items all right hey let's go 264 00:10:10,810 --> 00:10:07,730 to Sean Flynn with news 14 in North 265 00:10:12,580 --> 00:10:10,820 Carolina hello gentlemen commander 266 00:10:14,140 --> 00:10:12,590 Hatfield I know everyone calls you 267 00:10:16,210 --> 00:10:14,150 pretty much the rock star after that 268 00:10:18,490 --> 00:10:16,220 small video you put out there but here 269 00:10:20,650 --> 00:10:18,500 in Tar Heel country 270 00:10:22,060 --> 00:10:20,660 Tom you're you're the rock star here 271 00:10:23,230 --> 00:10:22,070 everyone's real excited about what 272 00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:23,240 you've been doing up there we've all 273 00:10:27,310 --> 00:10:25,490 been following your Twitter all the 274 00:10:28,510 --> 00:10:27,320 pictures that you sent talked about some 275 00:10:30,490 --> 00:10:28,520 of the pictures that you did send 276 00:10:32,410 --> 00:10:30,500 specifically of this side of the world 277 00:10:33,550 --> 00:10:32,420 and any plans you might have to come on 278 00:10:35,560 --> 00:10:33,560 back here and share some of your 279 00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:35,570 information of what you've done up there 280 00:10:41,260 --> 00:10:37,610 in space with with the folks back in 281 00:10:44,290 --> 00:10:41,270 home well the it's very hard to take a 282 00:10:45,880 --> 00:10:44,300 bad picture of the Earth from space the 283 00:10:47,410 --> 00:10:45,890 the world when you first get there 284 00:10:49,060 --> 00:10:47,420 you're just astounded by what you can 285 00:10:50,950 --> 00:10:49,070 see just seeing the continents the 286 00:10:52,540 --> 00:10:50,960 oceans you know mostly when you look out 287 00:10:55,240 --> 00:10:52,550 the window you see an ocean with the 288 00:10:57,010 --> 00:10:55,250 clouds and that beautiful thin blue rim 289 00:10:58,720 --> 00:10:57,020 of the atmosphere the Wonder and the 290 00:10:59,980 --> 00:10:58,730 beauty of being up there for five months 291 00:11:02,620 --> 00:10:59,990 is that you start to pick out your 292 00:11:05,350 --> 00:11:02,630 favorite places your number favorite 293 00:11:07,360 --> 00:11:05,360 place grows you begin to see nuances 294 00:11:09,670 --> 00:11:07,370 that you never realized before when 295 00:11:10,900 --> 00:11:09,680 you're looking at continents and ridges 296 00:11:13,690 --> 00:11:10,910 and you begin to wonder how did that 297 00:11:14,800 --> 00:11:13,700 form so I was just trying to look at the 298 00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:14,810 natural beauty of there 299 00:11:19,600 --> 00:11:17,210 and both ask the question and for myself 300 00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:19,610 answer in a very small way how did this 301 00:11:24,220 --> 00:11:21,410 happen why does Australia look the way 302 00:11:26,290 --> 00:11:24,230 it does help this area of the world gets 303 00:11:29,500 --> 00:11:26,300 so desiccated in this other area be so 304 00:11:31,480 --> 00:11:29,510 lush but over all of it is just 305 00:11:33,430 --> 00:11:31,490 breathtaking so you've really fall in 306 00:11:36,940 --> 00:11:33,440 love with the earth again and so as 307 00:11:38,560 --> 00:11:36,950 tries just trying to to put that out and 308 00:11:41,740 --> 00:11:38,570 help other people fall in love with 309 00:11:43,650 --> 00:11:41,750 their their planet so certainly hope to 310 00:11:45,910 --> 00:11:43,660 gather all those pictures together and 311 00:11:49,450 --> 00:11:45,920 we have plans for coming up to North 312 00:11:51,280 --> 00:11:49,460 Carolina and where I could be going 313 00:11:53,440 --> 00:11:51,290 through my home movies my slides of 314 00:11:54,970 --> 00:11:53,450 pictures from space for hours so I'll go 315 00:11:58,030 --> 00:11:54,980 as long as people are willing to take it 316 00:12:00,010 --> 00:11:58,040 so it's a really wonderful place to be 317 00:12:05,230 --> 00:12:00,020 and it's great to fall in love with your 318 00:12:07,240 --> 00:12:05,240 planet again alright great hey I know 319 00:12:09,910 --> 00:12:07,250 we've got some additional students from 320 00:12:11,019 --> 00:12:09,920 the National Model UN Cristina you and 321 00:12:14,500 --> 00:12:11,029 one of your colleagues like to throw in 322 00:12:16,900 --> 00:12:14,510 a question here great yeah 323 00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:16,910 so I have a question it's kind of 324 00:12:21,910 --> 00:12:19,040 related to Model UN and in my real life 325 00:12:23,710 --> 00:12:21,920 I work for the NGO working group on 326 00:12:24,790 --> 00:12:23,720 women peace and security and I've also 327 00:12:26,740 --> 00:12:24,800 worked with the National girls 328 00:12:28,329 --> 00:12:26,750 collaborative project so my question is 329 00:12:30,790 --> 00:12:28,339 about women in space 330 00:12:32,710 --> 00:12:30,800 um the under-representation of women in 331 00:12:34,750 --> 00:12:32,720 science and engineering fields is a 332 00:12:37,180 --> 00:12:34,760 critical issue for the world as a whole 333 00:12:40,090 --> 00:12:37,190 but the United States in particular NASA 334 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:40,100 has been advancing gender equality in 335 00:12:44,350 --> 00:12:42,410 its own work both in fostering female 336 00:12:47,050 --> 00:12:44,360 astronauts scientists and engineers for 337 00:12:48,970 --> 00:12:47,060 example um there have been upwards of 31 338 00:12:51,880 --> 00:12:48,980 women on the International Space Station 339 00:12:54,940 --> 00:12:51,890 a 27 of which were brought by NASA and 340 00:12:57,220 --> 00:12:54,950 and they also NASA also does programs on 341 00:12:59,949 --> 00:12:57,230 advancing girls and women in pursuing 342 00:13:02,620 --> 00:12:59,959 careers such as now in girls program so 343 00:13:05,590 --> 00:13:02,630 my question is how has the International 344 00:13:08,079 --> 00:13:05,600 Space Station served as a platform for 345 00:13:09,699 --> 00:13:08,089 cooperating at the international level 346 00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:09,709 with other countries and promoting 347 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:12,170 gender equality and are there particular 348 00:13:16,680 --> 00:13:14,330 programs or efforts to advance gender 349 00:13:19,630 --> 00:13:16,690 equality and women's involvement in 350 00:13:22,150 --> 00:13:19,640 engineering in science in the context of 351 00:13:24,040 --> 00:13:22,160 the International Space Station sure 352 00:13:26,930 --> 00:13:24,050 well this Chris Hadfield will probably 353 00:13:30,110 --> 00:13:26,940 just split the answer amongst us but 354 00:13:33,010 --> 00:13:30,120 I you know what we really respect on the 355 00:13:34,900 --> 00:13:33,020 space station is competence that is the 356 00:13:37,940 --> 00:13:34,910 fundamental thing that is required 357 00:13:39,710 --> 00:13:37,950 competence is everything you know the 358 00:13:41,360 --> 00:13:39,720 personality and the culture in the 359 00:13:43,310 --> 00:13:41,370 background are of course the richness 360 00:13:45,410 --> 00:13:43,320 that you bring but at the core of it is 361 00:13:48,170 --> 00:13:45,420 competence and NASA stresses that right 362 00:13:51,260 --> 00:13:48,180 across the board and and we really honor 363 00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:51,270 that and and we have luckily enough with 364 00:13:53,540 --> 00:13:52,410 so many people that are interested in 365 00:13:54,890 --> 00:13:53,550 coming to the program we have great 366 00:13:56,930 --> 00:13:54,900 depths of confidence within the 367 00:13:58,610 --> 00:13:56,940 astronaut corps and right across to the 368 00:14:01,880 --> 00:13:58,620 Johnson Space Center where we are and 369 00:14:04,430 --> 00:14:01,890 you and specifically if you want to look 370 00:14:07,070 --> 00:14:04,440 at gender of course the the commander of 371 00:14:09,050 --> 00:14:07,080 the International Space Station a couple 372 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:09,060 times has been a woman with Peggy 373 00:14:13,850 --> 00:14:11,010 Whitson first and and Sonny Williams 374 00:14:15,470 --> 00:14:13,860 recently the chief of all flight 375 00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:15,480 corporations for NASA here at the 376 00:14:19,310 --> 00:14:17,730 Johnson Space Center is Janet Cavani so 377 00:14:21,170 --> 00:14:19,320 she is the person who's in charge the 378 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:21,180 astronaut office is just one of the 379 00:14:25,730 --> 00:14:24,210 things that she's in charge of and so I 380 00:14:28,130 --> 00:14:25,740 mean that's that's a tremendous 381 00:14:30,140 --> 00:14:28,140 accomplishment for any human being Janet 382 00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:30,150 Cavani being a superbly qualified one 383 00:14:35,390 --> 00:14:33,090 and even more so the director of the 384 00:14:37,460 --> 00:14:35,400 Johnson Space Center who runs this 385 00:14:40,190 --> 00:14:37,470 entire place all of the responsibilities 386 00:14:42,530 --> 00:14:40,200 is ellen ochoa dr. ellen ochoa and she 387 00:14:44,660 --> 00:14:42,540 is a Tech's astronaut a wonderfully 388 00:14:47,930 --> 00:14:44,670 competent a warm and really caring 389 00:14:50,150 --> 00:14:47,940 person and doing a magnificent job in 390 00:14:51,890 --> 00:14:50,160 which like always it's difficult times 391 00:14:54,350 --> 00:14:51,900 there's always trials in trying to 392 00:14:56,150 --> 00:14:54,360 maintain a cutting-edge capability and 393 00:14:59,510 --> 00:14:56,160 to take care of all these people and 394 00:15:02,210 --> 00:14:59,520 their families and their jobs and so it 395 00:15:05,090 --> 00:15:02,220 I think the best measure of the quality 396 00:15:07,070 --> 00:15:05,100 is where it becomes transparent and in a 397 00:15:08,870 --> 00:15:07,080 lot of places in the world it is not by 398 00:15:11,630 --> 00:15:08,880 any means whether you divvy up people 399 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:11,640 through through culture or language or 400 00:15:15,470 --> 00:15:14,010 race or skin color earth or gender or 401 00:15:17,870 --> 00:15:15,480 whatever there's lots of places it is 402 00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:17,880 not but I think one of the places that 403 00:15:23,510 --> 00:15:20,490 it really is that you can really hold up 404 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:23,520 as a shining example of of where 405 00:15:28,670 --> 00:15:25,770 competence and ability are what reigns 406 00:15:30,110 --> 00:15:28,680 supreme is both here at the Johnson 407 00:15:32,300 --> 00:15:30,120 Space Center where we live and work and 408 00:15:34,070 --> 00:15:32,310 onboard the space station all we're 409 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:34,080 really looking for are good competent 410 00:15:39,470 --> 00:15:36,210 people and we're lucky enough to work 411 00:15:40,889 --> 00:15:39,480 and and fly with with people male female 412 00:15:44,309 --> 00:15:40,899 and from all around the world 413 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:44,319 I might just threw in a short edition if 414 00:15:48,629 --> 00:15:47,290 I could as expedition through 33 flight 415 00:15:52,019 --> 00:15:48,639 engineer my commander was Sunita 416 00:15:53,460 --> 00:15:52,029 Williams and to get kind of a little bit 417 00:15:55,230 --> 00:15:53,470 more - maybe the hurdle your question 418 00:15:58,230 --> 00:15:55,240 was how do we how do we share this with 419 00:15:59,549 --> 00:15:58,240 other countries and of course she was 420 00:16:02,100 --> 00:15:59,559 the commander of the Russian crew as 421 00:16:04,199 --> 00:16:02,110 well and yuri malenchenko was asked this 422 00:16:05,999 --> 00:16:04,209 question in Star City before launch he 423 00:16:07,169 --> 00:16:06,009 said hey Yuri you're flying with the 424 00:16:08,579 --> 00:16:07,179 woman commander what do you think this 425 00:16:11,249 --> 00:16:08,589 is a question that they might ask in 426 00:16:13,439 --> 00:16:11,259 Russia that you might not see in the US 427 00:16:15,090 --> 00:16:13,449 and he said just what Chris said he said 428 00:16:16,919 --> 00:16:15,100 it doesn't matter to me at all 429 00:16:18,509 --> 00:16:16,929 all that matters to me is that it's a 430 00:16:20,069 --> 00:16:18,519 great person and a great commander and I 431 00:16:22,319 --> 00:16:20,079 have absolute trust in them and respect 432 00:16:25,169 --> 00:16:22,329 for them and so sunny set a great 433 00:16:27,749 --> 00:16:25,179 example for them and she set a great 434 00:16:30,389 --> 00:16:27,759 example not not just in Russia but 435 00:16:32,100 --> 00:16:30,399 across all cultures I think if you look 436 00:16:34,019 --> 00:16:32,110 at our flight control room sometime on 437 00:16:35,910 --> 00:16:34,029 NASA TV you're gonna see an awful lot of 438 00:16:37,199 --> 00:16:35,920 women in technical positions including 439 00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:37,209 many of them in the flight director 440 00:16:40,319 --> 00:16:38,800 chair which is the highest of all 441 00:16:43,829 --> 00:16:40,329 position for the operation of the space 442 00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:43,839 station well above even us so we get our 443 00:16:48,509 --> 00:16:45,970 marching orders from them and so you see 444 00:16:51,030 --> 00:16:48,519 this this competence and and that way we 445 00:16:52,439 --> 00:16:51,040 we set a good example the other 446 00:16:54,059 --> 00:16:52,449 countries participating in the 447 00:16:55,590 --> 00:16:54,069 International Space Station are setting 448 00:16:57,210 --> 00:16:55,600 this great example as well and that's 449 00:16:59,369 --> 00:16:57,220 that's the message we can take to the 450 00:17:05,220 --> 00:16:59,379 rest of the world is a look at what 451 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:05,230 we're doing okay thank you guys I want 452 00:17:09,240 --> 00:17:06,970 to remind everybody that we're taking 453 00:17:11,250 --> 00:17:09,250 questions live through various means 454 00:17:13,529 --> 00:17:11,260 through Google+ through Twitter through 455 00:17:18,360 --> 00:17:13,539 Facebook and I've got one I want to go 456 00:17:21,419 --> 00:17:18,370 to hear from from Twitter at Pablo NYC 457 00:17:24,210 --> 00:17:21,429 Pablo wano asks for people who question 458 00:17:26,159 --> 00:17:24,220 space based research can you pick an 459 00:17:32,070 --> 00:17:26,169 experiment you think will tangibly 460 00:17:33,299 --> 00:17:32,080 benefit life on Earth sure the hard part 461 00:17:37,260 --> 00:17:33,309 are answering that question is just 462 00:17:40,620 --> 00:17:37,270 picking one and I'll just I'll pick one 463 00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:40,630 just because I'm a physician we do 464 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:43,450 ultrasound experiments onboard we look 465 00:17:46,980 --> 00:17:45,010 at our bodies and the changes of 466 00:17:48,180 --> 00:17:46,990 zero-gravity on our bodies everybody's 467 00:17:50,610 --> 00:17:48,190 familiar with ultrasound and its 468 00:17:53,399 --> 00:17:50,620 capabilities on earth what's unique 469 00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:53,409 about spaceflight and ultrasound is that 470 00:17:56,490 --> 00:17:54,610 because we 471 00:17:58,950 --> 00:17:56,500 have MRIs cat-scans onboard the space 472 00:18:00,480 --> 00:17:58,960 station we are forced to answer a very 473 00:18:03,570 --> 00:18:00,490 difficult question how do you take care 474 00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:03,580 of astronauts and get diagnostic imaging 475 00:18:06,390 --> 00:18:05,170 in space when you don't have that 476 00:18:08,310 --> 00:18:06,400 capability so you take a known 477 00:18:10,770 --> 00:18:08,320 capability ultrasound fly it up there 478 00:18:12,299 --> 00:18:10,780 and expand the boundaries of what it can 479 00:18:15,270 --> 00:18:12,309 do find out there's so many things that 480 00:18:17,370 --> 00:18:15,280 can do that our ground-based medical 481 00:18:20,070 --> 00:18:17,380 world there's no need for it so it would 482 00:18:22,080 --> 00:18:20,080 be in big cities at least so no need to 483 00:18:25,140 --> 00:18:22,090 do it so so why even look into that it 484 00:18:27,539 --> 00:18:25,150 has actually tangibly affected the way 485 00:18:29,700 --> 00:18:27,549 surgeons for instance are trained around 486 00:18:31,380 --> 00:18:29,710 the world really mostly in the u.s. in 487 00:18:33,060 --> 00:18:31,390 the first hour of trauma care you can 488 00:18:34,710 --> 00:18:33,070 get an ultrasound machine small machine 489 00:18:37,020 --> 00:18:34,720 onto a patient and make life-and-death 490 00:18:38,419 --> 00:18:37,030 decisions and it's being done right now 491 00:18:41,159 --> 00:18:38,429 and Russians are being trained that way 492 00:18:43,799 --> 00:18:41,169 so that but that's just a very small 493 00:18:44,820 --> 00:18:43,809 thing everything we do from the basic 494 00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:44,830 research which it's going to have 495 00:18:51,590 --> 00:18:47,650 impacts 10 20 years 30 years from now 496 00:18:53,789 --> 00:18:51,600 two things that devices that are being 497 00:18:55,530 --> 00:18:53,799 tested out on the space station there 498 00:18:57,900 --> 00:18:55,540 was a device that came from Canada that 499 00:19:01,020 --> 00:18:57,910 looks at it's a very very small machine 500 00:19:03,330 --> 00:19:01,030 that measures samples within the blood 501 00:19:04,890 --> 00:19:03,340 and constituents of the blood if you can 502 00:19:06,450 --> 00:19:04,900 get it really small and effective and 503 00:19:07,799 --> 00:19:06,460 working really well then you can put it 504 00:19:11,520 --> 00:19:07,809 out to underserved areas of the world 505 00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:11,530 and it provide better medical care for 506 00:19:17,820 --> 00:19:16,510 underserved areas and so again we see 507 00:19:19,530 --> 00:19:17,830 this we have the privilege of being up 508 00:19:20,730 --> 00:19:19,540 there and seeing this reenacted over and 509 00:19:23,789 --> 00:19:20,740 over again with everything we put our 510 00:19:25,350 --> 00:19:23,799 hands on when we do research so I wish I 511 00:19:26,970 --> 00:19:25,360 could have the hours to tell you all 512 00:19:31,530 --> 00:19:26,980 about everything that I know but that's 513 00:19:33,120 --> 00:19:31,540 even just a small part of it Tom to any 514 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:33,130 your colleagues have anything to add in 515 00:19:40,850 --> 00:19:39,010 there right and go ahead Chris sure you 516 00:19:43,860 --> 00:19:40,860 know right now on the space station 517 00:19:46,020 --> 00:19:43,870 there are over a hundred experiments 518 00:19:48,090 --> 00:19:46,030 running simultaneously everything 519 00:19:50,520 --> 00:19:48,100 something from something as mundane to 520 00:19:52,620 --> 00:19:50,530 just trying to learn how to make a 521 00:19:56,039 --> 00:19:52,630 really good spaceship you know how do 522 00:19:59,430 --> 00:19:56,049 you design a pump or a fan or a toilet 523 00:20:03,120 --> 00:19:59,440 or what material should the hull be made 524 00:20:04,560 --> 00:20:03,130 of or how do you how do you cool it in 525 00:20:06,720 --> 00:20:04,570 order to be able to go further from 526 00:20:08,610 --> 00:20:06,730 Earth we have to be able to figure that 527 00:20:10,799 --> 00:20:08,620 out while we're still safely close 528 00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:10,809 just like sailing ships did for 529 00:20:15,659 --> 00:20:13,210 centuries within sight of land before 530 00:20:17,460 --> 00:20:15,669 they could safely leave the security of 531 00:20:19,019 --> 00:20:17,470 a home port we're doing that on Space 532 00:20:21,390 --> 00:20:19,029 Station Mountain on top of the space 533 00:20:23,250 --> 00:20:21,400 station we are collecting dark matter 534 00:20:26,250 --> 00:20:23,260 and dark energy from the universe to try 535 00:20:27,750 --> 00:20:26,260 and understand what three-quarters of 536 00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:27,760 everything is made of we're just 537 00:20:31,500 --> 00:20:29,770 starting to understand the universe 538 00:20:33,990 --> 00:20:31,510 around us and the space station is a 539 00:20:36,090 --> 00:20:34,000 stable powered platform that's allowing 540 00:20:38,010 --> 00:20:36,100 us to do that and we have a huge suite 541 00:20:40,019 --> 00:20:38,020 of sensors facing the earth itself 542 00:20:41,580 --> 00:20:40,029 looking at the atmosphere looking at 543 00:20:43,830 --> 00:20:41,590 pollution in the atmosphere looking at 544 00:20:46,049 --> 00:20:43,840 climate change we've been taking 545 00:20:47,760 --> 00:20:46,059 pictures of the world for little over 50 546 00:20:49,950 --> 00:20:47,770 years and in that time we've seen 547 00:20:51,990 --> 00:20:49,960 significant change even in the time that 548 00:20:55,049 --> 00:20:52,000 we've been flying in space looking at 549 00:20:58,860 --> 00:20:55,059 changes in glacial flow down in 550 00:21:01,680 --> 00:20:58,870 Patagonia or in in the Aral see that the 551 00:21:03,779 --> 00:21:01,690 changes are so vivid and so it gives us 552 00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:03,789 everything from from how to measure 553 00:21:08,370 --> 00:21:06,970 blood samples remotely right through to 554 00:21:10,529 --> 00:21:08,380 understanding the health of our own 555 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:10,539 planet and to try and understand what 556 00:21:15,570 --> 00:21:12,490 the universe is made of and that's going 557 00:21:16,860 --> 00:21:15,580 on 24/7 on the space station 558 00:21:18,450 --> 00:21:16,870 you know monks to everything else that 559 00:21:21,299 --> 00:21:18,460 the space station represents so it's 560 00:21:25,820 --> 00:21:21,309 it's a fascinating laboratory to be both 561 00:21:28,590 --> 00:21:25,830 a lab rat and a laboratory technician 562 00:21:30,360 --> 00:21:28,600 and if you're not tired of the question 563 00:21:32,549 --> 00:21:30,370 yet Kelly you want me to throw one inch 564 00:21:36,299 --> 00:21:32,559 keep going Kevin okay all right 565 00:21:40,110 --> 00:21:36,309 well I launched on a Soyuz with two 566 00:21:42,510 --> 00:21:40,120 Russian crewmates and 32 fish and while 567 00:21:45,029 --> 00:21:42,520 we were up there we kept these fish in 568 00:21:47,130 --> 00:21:45,039 an aquarium and the whole point of them 569 00:21:50,010 --> 00:21:47,140 going up with us they're called medaka 570 00:21:52,019 --> 00:21:50,020 as a Japanese experiment and then the 571 00:21:54,019 --> 00:21:52,029 experiments called medaka osteoclast and 572 00:21:57,029 --> 00:21:54,029 the whole point of it is to look at 573 00:21:58,740 --> 00:21:57,039 osteoporotic studies and these 574 00:22:01,110 --> 00:21:58,750 particular fish are unique in that they 575 00:22:03,090 --> 00:22:01,120 have bones like mammals and since we're 576 00:22:05,070 --> 00:22:03,100 mammals - we're really interested in 577 00:22:07,649 --> 00:22:05,080 what happens to their the way their bone 578 00:22:09,269 --> 00:22:07,659 is created and destroyed and these fish 579 00:22:11,370 --> 00:22:09,279 are very they're very transparent and 580 00:22:13,350 --> 00:22:11,380 they just a really really great subjects 581 00:22:16,919 --> 00:22:13,360 for learning about the study of 582 00:22:20,310 --> 00:22:16,929 osteoporosis scientists looking at at 583 00:22:22,380 --> 00:22:20,320 these these particular samples you know 584 00:22:25,230 --> 00:22:22,390 believe that they have a really 585 00:22:26,940 --> 00:22:25,240 good shot at making a big dent in 586 00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:26,950 osteoporosis someday if maybe not even 587 00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:28,650 eliminating it wouldn't it be nice if 588 00:22:32,880 --> 00:22:30,610 osteoporosis someday went the way of 589 00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:32,890 scurvy and some of the other things that 590 00:22:37,590 --> 00:22:35,410 we've stamped out and that would make a 591 00:22:39,330 --> 00:22:37,600 difference to the billions of people on 592 00:22:41,610 --> 00:22:39,340 the planet just that experiment itself 593 00:22:43,890 --> 00:22:41,620 would make the space station worthwhile 594 00:22:45,990 --> 00:22:43,900 but like these guys said hundreds going 595 00:22:47,910 --> 00:22:46,000 on at a time and thousands going on over 596 00:22:50,250 --> 00:22:47,920 the course of the Space Station's 597 00:22:53,100 --> 00:22:50,260 history well of course that's why the 598 00:22:54,570 --> 00:22:53,110 station is up there right hey I would 599 00:22:56,340 --> 00:22:54,580 like to get back to those billions on 600 00:22:58,350 --> 00:22:56,350 the planet Earth again and and how they 601 00:23:00,330 --> 00:22:58,360 interact Laurel Connor you're one of our 602 00:23:03,290 --> 00:23:00,340 mode UN participants you haven't had a 603 00:23:06,630 --> 00:23:03,300 chance to ask a question ask away 604 00:23:08,940 --> 00:23:06,640 thank you and I have a question from one 605 00:23:10,590 --> 00:23:08,950 of our staffers and would you like to 606 00:23:12,330 --> 00:23:10,600 see a change policy for the 607 00:23:14,580 --> 00:23:12,340 international cooperation between 608 00:23:17,070 --> 00:23:14,590 countries for the cooperative space 609 00:23:20,130 --> 00:23:17,080 exploration and if so what change would 610 00:23:22,590 --> 00:23:20,140 you like to see hmm 611 00:23:25,350 --> 00:23:22,600 well I'll answer it I guess unless you 612 00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:25,360 guys got something right away I think 613 00:23:29,940 --> 00:23:28,090 what we're doing in space the 614 00:23:33,180 --> 00:23:29,950 cooperative nature of the agreement is 615 00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:33,190 unprecedented I've been an astronaut for 616 00:23:37,950 --> 00:23:35,170 21 years when I came into the program 617 00:23:40,770 --> 00:23:37,960 there was no cooperation between NASA 618 00:23:42,510 --> 00:23:40,780 and Russia at the time in fact it was it 619 00:23:45,120 --> 00:23:42,520 was still very much right in the tailing 620 00:23:47,130 --> 00:23:45,130 edge of the of the Cold War and to think 621 00:23:50,250 --> 00:23:47,140 where we are now that to all of us 622 00:23:51,690 --> 00:23:50,260 helped fly a Russian space ship that it 623 00:23:54,510 --> 00:23:51,700 was our lifeboat while we are on board 624 00:23:56,130 --> 00:23:54,520 that we were integrated with crews from 625 00:23:58,590 --> 00:23:56,140 Russia and you don't have to go very far 626 00:24:00,810 --> 00:23:58,600 back in human history of the where we 627 00:24:02,820 --> 00:24:00,820 had recent enmities between nations that 628 00:24:05,700 --> 00:24:02,830 are now doing this thing together and 629 00:24:07,710 --> 00:24:05,710 and it's not easy to do it this way it 630 00:24:09,420 --> 00:24:07,720 is hard to do the International Space 631 00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:09,430 Station the way we're doing but we are 632 00:24:13,830 --> 00:24:12,250 doing it and everybody on earth no 633 00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:13,840 matter where you're watching your 634 00:24:18,360 --> 00:24:16,570 particular dawn or your sunset you can 635 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:18,370 watch the space station go over your 636 00:24:23,340 --> 00:24:22,210 head as a shining tangible example of 637 00:24:25,770 --> 00:24:23,350 what people can do when they work 638 00:24:27,230 --> 00:24:25,780 together and we're writing the book on a 639 00:24:30,150 --> 00:24:27,240 lot of it the way that we build up 640 00:24:33,570 --> 00:24:30,160 intergovernmental agreements research 641 00:24:35,820 --> 00:24:33,580 agreements day to day practicalities how 642 00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:35,830 it is when there's a problem in one set 643 00:24:39,660 --> 00:24:37,690 how we all work together with missions 644 00:24:42,390 --> 00:24:39,670 control all around the world and solve 645 00:24:44,100 --> 00:24:42,400 that if you're looking both in Model 646 00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:44,110 United Nations and the real United 647 00:24:48,990 --> 00:24:46,090 Nations or at any international 648 00:24:50,520 --> 00:24:49,000 organization there's some real lessons 649 00:24:52,380 --> 00:24:50,530 to be learned from how we've managed to 650 00:24:53,940 --> 00:24:52,390 solve those problems since we started 651 00:24:56,010 --> 00:24:53,950 taking the US Space Shuttle to the 652 00:24:58,650 --> 00:24:56,020 Russian space station Mir and how far 653 00:25:00,480 --> 00:24:58,660 we've come ever since and we don't we're 654 00:25:01,950 --> 00:25:00,490 not perfect we don't claim to be but 655 00:25:03,870 --> 00:25:01,960 we're pretty good examples of how other 656 00:25:05,730 --> 00:25:03,880 people might do it and we're all really 657 00:25:09,210 --> 00:25:05,740 proud I think to have to have helped 658 00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:09,220 move that both that internal process but 659 00:25:19,110 --> 00:25:15,990 thanks Chris hey I'm going to take 660 00:25:22,760 --> 00:25:19,120 another question from online remember as 661 00:25:26,330 --> 00:25:22,770 Astro is the hashtag for that but 662 00:25:29,430 --> 00:25:26,340 autonomy of our Innova asks that a 663 00:25:31,350 --> 00:25:29,440 question about how long is the space 664 00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:31,360 station going to remain in orbit and 665 00:25:38,610 --> 00:25:33,250 what are the plans for maintaining 666 00:25:42,950 --> 00:25:38,620 expanding the station well as far as we 667 00:25:45,450 --> 00:25:42,960 know the late 2020s is the current plan 668 00:25:47,250 --> 00:25:45,460 for what we've seen certainly I could 669 00:25:49,500 --> 00:25:47,260 have tested the fact that being up there 670 00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:49,510 on the space station it is a it still 671 00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:51,760 seems to be a pristine beautiful 672 00:25:56,070 --> 00:25:53,770 instrument for human exploration and 673 00:25:58,140 --> 00:25:56,080 research there are consumables that 674 00:25:59,490 --> 00:25:58,150 those are resupplied and there are 675 00:26:01,770 --> 00:25:59,500 things to break we've demonstrated 676 00:26:04,170 --> 00:26:01,780 ability to fix that and actually on our 677 00:26:06,330 --> 00:26:04,180 flight to fix it really fast if we need 678 00:26:08,250 --> 00:26:06,340 to don't be bad yeah two weeks ago 679 00:26:09,600 --> 00:26:08,260 you're outside right that's weird ten 680 00:26:11,610 --> 00:26:09,610 days ago I was outside doing a spacewalk 681 00:26:13,170 --> 00:26:11,620 after finding out only 48 hours before 682 00:26:17,250 --> 00:26:13,180 that there was even a problem that 683 00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:17,260 required a spacewalk so I feel like the 684 00:26:19,830 --> 00:26:18,730 space station just keep going as long as 685 00:26:22,680 --> 00:26:19,840 we have the will to keep it up there 686 00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:22,690 there's nothing preventing it so as 687 00:26:27,180 --> 00:26:24,610 Chris mentioned these are the 688 00:26:28,950 --> 00:26:27,190 technologies that certainly will need to 689 00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:28,960 be used when we keep going further and 690 00:26:34,050 --> 00:26:31,330 further away and for longer periods of 691 00:26:37,020 --> 00:26:34,060 time and the processes as well as the 692 00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:37,030 materials all of that I have a lot of 693 00:26:40,620 --> 00:26:38,650 hope that we're going to be able to do 694 00:26:42,710 --> 00:26:40,630 that and do it very very well because of 695 00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:42,720 what we're doing on the space station 696 00:26:47,640 --> 00:26:45,610 throw in as well that you know when 697 00:26:49,350 --> 00:26:47,650 before I was assigned to my space 698 00:26:51,210 --> 00:26:49,360 station flight I kind of wondered 699 00:26:53,220 --> 00:26:51,220 you know myself what is it we do up 700 00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:53,230 there you know on a day-to-day basis and 701 00:26:58,169 --> 00:26:56,410 I would come from a shuttle world and 702 00:26:59,730 --> 00:26:58,179 that was a shuttle pilot and and that 703 00:27:01,799 --> 00:26:59,740 wasn't that in tune with the science and 704 00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:01,809 I got up there and the science one board 705 00:27:05,280 --> 00:27:03,490 is absolutely fascinating 706 00:27:06,990 --> 00:27:05,290 you trained it on the ground and it's 707 00:27:09,450 --> 00:27:07,000 all kind of make-believe when you're 708 00:27:10,710 --> 00:27:09,460 training it we used plastic fish to 709 00:27:13,049 --> 00:27:10,720 simulate the real fish that we were 710 00:27:14,400 --> 00:27:13,059 gonna have one board and and then you 711 00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:14,410 get up there and you get to see 712 00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:15,970 everything happening in zero-gravity 713 00:27:21,419 --> 00:27:18,970 it's just absolutely fascinating to see 714 00:27:23,190 --> 00:27:21,429 how different things can be a lot of the 715 00:27:25,289 --> 00:27:23,200 stuff goes on behind racks and stuff and 716 00:27:26,490 --> 00:27:25,299 we can't really see it all combustion 717 00:27:28,620 --> 00:27:26,500 and that sort of thing for our safety 718 00:27:30,570 --> 00:27:28,630 purposes but you can also you can see it 719 00:27:33,210 --> 00:27:30,580 online and you can find videos of it and 720 00:27:34,590 --> 00:27:33,220 the scientists and the investigators are 721 00:27:36,780 --> 00:27:34,600 watching it real time on the planet 722 00:27:39,780 --> 00:27:36,790 Earth and they're very excited about it 723 00:27:41,549 --> 00:27:39,790 and we we're not going to run out of 724 00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:41,559 things to do if we fly this thing to 725 00:27:45,900 --> 00:27:43,690 2028 and people are paying attention 726 00:27:47,430 --> 00:27:45,910 they're gonna get so many good ideas 727 00:27:50,610 --> 00:27:47,440 from the things that are going on right 728 00:27:53,730 --> 00:27:50,620 now and I just think that the amount of 729 00:27:56,400 --> 00:27:53,740 research on board can blossom if we if 730 00:27:58,409 --> 00:27:56,410 we do the promotion right and we enable 731 00:28:01,710 --> 00:27:58,419 it properly and get it up there there's 732 00:28:03,870 --> 00:28:01,720 there's almost no limit right now in my 733 00:28:08,100 --> 00:28:03,880 mind to what we could do on board for 734 00:28:11,520 --> 00:28:08,110 for everybody hey thanks guys hey here's 735 00:28:15,590 --> 00:28:11,530 another one from Twitter this may be a 736 00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:15,600 little bit more for Tom as a doctor but 737 00:28:20,640 --> 00:28:18,850 the name of Franco Daniel Franco wants 738 00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:20,650 to know how many litres of blood can you 739 00:28:26,610 --> 00:28:23,530 lose in five months and heart muscles 740 00:28:28,110 --> 00:28:26,620 lose their fit well hopefully there's 741 00:28:30,450 --> 00:28:28,120 not a lot of blood loss while you're up 742 00:28:32,549 --> 00:28:30,460 there now we learned lose about 15 743 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:32,559 percent of our total body water that's 744 00:28:37,860 --> 00:28:34,210 just the normal state your body has this 745 00:28:39,450 --> 00:28:37,870 incredible ability to adapt to space so 746 00:28:42,419 --> 00:28:39,460 we get up there the body says hey for 747 00:28:43,620 --> 00:28:42,429 all the fluid goes to the top to the 748 00:28:44,760 --> 00:28:43,630 upper part of your body towards your 749 00:28:47,039 --> 00:28:44,770 head your body says hey there's too much 750 00:28:49,260 --> 00:28:47,049 on board so we get it gets rid of it in 751 00:28:54,870 --> 00:28:49,270 a natural way so we end up pretty 752 00:28:56,789 --> 00:28:54,880 quickly about 15% and so it's a pretty 753 00:29:01,469 --> 00:28:56,799 much all that happens and I'm sorry the 754 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:03,209 yeah as a matter of fact that's one of 755 00:29:07,109 --> 00:29:04,330 the things that's fascinating about 756 00:29:09,029 --> 00:29:07,119 Space Flight both moan loss heart 757 00:29:11,519 --> 00:29:09,039 atrophy or vessels atrophying blood 758 00:29:13,680 --> 00:29:11,529 vessels either from zero-g or from 759 00:29:16,019 --> 00:29:13,690 radiation essentially on the human being 760 00:29:18,180 --> 00:29:16,029 zero-gravity is an accelerated aging 761 00:29:20,969 --> 00:29:18,190 process and we were all guinea pigs in 762 00:29:23,339 --> 00:29:20,979 that long research project where you're 763 00:29:24,570 --> 00:29:23,349 able to within a few missions do the 764 00:29:26,789 --> 00:29:24,580 amount of research they would take 765 00:29:30,449 --> 00:29:26,799 decades to record or to do on the ground 766 00:29:33,810 --> 00:29:30,459 as people age and study both what 767 00:29:35,909 --> 00:29:33,820 happens and fixes to the problems so 768 00:29:37,499 --> 00:29:35,919 yeah the heart atrophies there's changes 769 00:29:39,959 --> 00:29:37,509 in the way the heart moves I was 770 00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:39,969 involved in a study where we're very 771 00:29:45,239 --> 00:29:42,570 intently using ultrasound EKGs every 772 00:29:47,579 --> 00:29:45,249 device that I've ever heard enough to 773 00:29:49,259 --> 00:29:47,589 look at how my heart worked to see 774 00:29:51,839 --> 00:29:49,269 exactly how the heart works both in a 775 00:29:53,969 --> 00:29:51,849 resting condition and while exercising 776 00:29:56,069 --> 00:29:53,979 and those results would generally be 777 00:29:57,329 --> 00:29:56,079 used to help people that are in I see 778 00:29:59,729 --> 00:29:57,339 use that are in bed rest for a long 779 00:30:02,609 --> 00:29:59,739 period of time and as people get older 780 00:30:05,759 --> 00:30:02,619 to try to counteract the atrophy that 781 00:30:07,049 --> 00:30:05,769 occurs with that as well you know I'd 782 00:30:08,969 --> 00:30:07,059 like to ask all three of you as a 783 00:30:10,199 --> 00:30:08,979 follow-up to that since you all just 784 00:30:13,019 --> 00:30:10,209 came back from the space station 785 00:30:15,839 --> 00:30:13,029 long-duration stays when you first got 786 00:30:18,239 --> 00:30:15,849 back what did it feel like to get back 787 00:30:20,999 --> 00:30:18,249 on earth Tom I think you were trying 788 00:30:22,919 --> 00:30:21,009 really hard not to move your head as I 789 00:30:24,659 --> 00:30:22,929 saw you sit in the couch in Kazakhstan 790 00:30:27,269 --> 00:30:24,669 could you guys each tell us a little 791 00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:27,279 story about something to do with what 792 00:30:31,369 --> 00:30:28,570 it's like to come back to Earth after 793 00:30:34,199 --> 00:30:31,379 being on the station for so long 794 00:30:36,569 --> 00:30:34,209 yeah well certainly there's this 795 00:30:38,699 --> 00:30:36,579 gigantic magnet that's something you and 796 00:30:40,440 --> 00:30:38,709 every part of your body into the ground 797 00:30:42,269 --> 00:30:40,450 and that's I happened to be on the down 798 00:30:45,180 --> 00:30:42,279 side of the Soyuz after we stopped 799 00:30:47,430 --> 00:30:45,190 tipped over and rolled and the grass was 800 00:30:49,589 --> 00:30:47,440 about that far from my face as I was 801 00:30:51,709 --> 00:30:49,599 looking through the window so climbing 802 00:30:53,879 --> 00:30:51,719 out of that position was one of the 803 00:30:55,649 --> 00:30:53,889 biggest physical challenges I've ever 804 00:30:56,969 --> 00:30:55,659 had and you're right you don't want to 805 00:30:58,289 --> 00:30:56,979 move your head because as soon as you 806 00:31:00,629 --> 00:30:58,299 move your head in the world 807 00:31:01,940 --> 00:31:00,639 tilts and spins all around you because 808 00:31:04,139 --> 00:31:01,950 your inner ear just isn't used to 809 00:31:07,319 --> 00:31:04,149 interpreting that gravity vector very 810 00:31:08,969 --> 00:31:07,329 well takes a while and that for me was 811 00:31:10,619 --> 00:31:08,979 connected to my stomach so I just did 812 00:31:12,499 --> 00:31:10,629 not want to move my head but it went 813 00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:12,509 away after a couple of days all right 814 00:31:15,780 --> 00:31:14,410 almost completely up 815 00:31:18,660 --> 00:31:15,790 one days but most of it went away even 816 00:31:20,190 --> 00:31:18,670 in just a few hours but boy that that 817 00:31:22,550 --> 00:31:20,200 the way the gravity sucks you into the 818 00:31:23,760 --> 00:31:22,560 ground is very remarkable force 819 00:31:25,770 --> 00:31:23,770 unbelievable 820 00:31:29,340 --> 00:31:25,780 it's amazing how adaptable the human 821 00:31:31,740 --> 00:31:29,350 body is that after 40 or 50 years here 822 00:31:34,140 --> 00:31:31,750 of living in gravity suddenly when we 823 00:31:36,390 --> 00:31:34,150 get to space your body immediately 824 00:31:37,830 --> 00:31:36,400 starts to adapt to weightlessness it 825 00:31:41,100 --> 00:31:37,840 starts turning you from an earthling 826 00:31:42,750 --> 00:31:41,110 into a space link and and in some ways 827 00:31:45,030 --> 00:31:42,760 it's easier on your body your heart 828 00:31:46,770 --> 00:31:45,040 doesn't need to fight gravity you don't 829 00:31:48,990 --> 00:31:46,780 even really need a balance system become 830 00:31:50,040 --> 00:31:49,000 totally visually based you can fly 831 00:31:53,820 --> 00:31:50,050 everywhere that you go 832 00:31:54,990 --> 00:31:53,830 and so it's almost you know I've said 833 00:31:57,840 --> 00:31:55,000 before it's sort of like a superpower 834 00:32:00,510 --> 00:31:57,850 you can fly and float and tumble and and 835 00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:00,520 you really get used to it but then when 836 00:32:04,350 --> 00:32:01,330 you come home 837 00:32:07,020 --> 00:32:04,360 the gravity just feels so unfair it's 838 00:32:09,030 --> 00:32:07,030 just it's bizarre and the first time I 839 00:32:11,550 --> 00:32:09,040 worked with my physical trainer right 840 00:32:14,100 --> 00:32:11,560 after I got back the next day I'm on the 841 00:32:16,260 --> 00:32:14,110 exercise mat and just the weight of my 842 00:32:18,300 --> 00:32:16,270 own head I swore someone had their foot 843 00:32:22,190 --> 00:32:18,310 on my neck I was scrunching my head down 844 00:32:24,330 --> 00:32:22,200 into the floor just just you're so 845 00:32:26,340 --> 00:32:24,340 unused to the weight of your own body 846 00:32:28,380 --> 00:32:26,350 and it manifests itself all different 847 00:32:30,240 --> 00:32:28,390 ways you have the dizziness you aren't 848 00:32:32,580 --> 00:32:30,250 mega regulating your own blood pressure 849 00:32:35,460 --> 00:32:32,590 you can't balance properly you feel 850 00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:35,470 nauseous even though your strength is 851 00:32:38,940 --> 00:32:37,690 okay your cardiovascular system isn't 852 00:32:42,210 --> 00:32:38,950 put in the blood in the right places 853 00:32:44,220 --> 00:32:42,220 it's it's a it's kind of a brutal return 854 00:32:46,590 --> 00:32:44,230 home it's worth thinking about for going 855 00:32:47,730 --> 00:32:46,600 to Mars though about five or six months 856 00:32:49,350 --> 00:32:47,740 is how long it'll take you to get to 857 00:32:51,960 --> 00:32:49,360 another planet and so we're really 858 00:32:53,160 --> 00:32:51,970 trying to learn what is the body going 859 00:32:54,840 --> 00:32:53,170 to be like when we get there how many 860 00:32:57,000 --> 00:32:54,850 days of grace will you need to give a 861 00:32:59,370 --> 00:32:57,010 crew when they first get to another 862 00:33:01,260 --> 00:32:59,380 planet before they're able to truly put 863 00:33:03,570 --> 00:33:01,270 on a spacesuit go do something useful 864 00:33:05,700 --> 00:33:03,580 outside do we have to spin our whole 865 00:33:07,500 --> 00:33:05,710 spaceship to keep an artificial gravity 866 00:33:09,900 --> 00:33:07,510 like you see in some science fiction 867 00:33:11,340 --> 00:33:09,910 stories or will we learn enough on the 868 00:33:13,170 --> 00:33:11,350 space station about weightlessness to 869 00:33:15,360 --> 00:33:13,180 show maybe there's if you give a few 870 00:33:17,730 --> 00:33:15,370 days the astronauts can reliably get 871 00:33:19,440 --> 00:33:17,740 outside and do a spacewalk we're 872 00:33:22,170 --> 00:33:19,450 learning all that from station and we're 873 00:33:24,150 --> 00:33:22,180 just the the 6 foot tall guinea pigs 874 00:33:26,220 --> 00:33:24,160 trying to figure out those answers but 875 00:33:27,990 --> 00:33:26,230 the life of a guinea pig isn't a 876 00:33:30,960 --> 00:33:28,000 hopeless pleasant and 877 00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:30,970 readapt ation is is keeping us keeping 878 00:33:37,500 --> 00:33:35,410 us under its thumb right now and yeah 879 00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:37,510 I'm not six foot tall but I am a guinea 880 00:33:43,680 --> 00:33:41,050 pig so maybe it's just throwing a couple 881 00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:43,690 of other things to the sensory changes 882 00:33:48,090 --> 00:33:46,690 that you go through just a story from in 883 00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:48,100 space tonight I think I might have told 884 00:33:50,730 --> 00:33:49,450 these guys about it while I was up there 885 00:33:52,230 --> 00:33:50,740 but when I was up there a long one time 886 00:33:53,970 --> 00:33:52,240 I was at the cupola window looking out 887 00:33:56,400 --> 00:33:53,980 and I swore out of the corner of my eye 888 00:33:58,380 --> 00:33:56,410 I saw a bird fit I would fly over and 889 00:33:59,760 --> 00:33:58,390 land on a solar array of the Soyuz and I 890 00:34:01,260 --> 00:33:59,770 I thought I wonder what kind of bird 891 00:34:03,180 --> 00:34:01,270 that is before I thought about it I 892 00:34:05,550 --> 00:34:03,190 realized it's probably not a bird 250 893 00:34:07,080 --> 00:34:05,560 miles high doing 17,000 miles per hour 894 00:34:09,629 --> 00:34:07,090 and indeed it was probably it was just a 895 00:34:11,430 --> 00:34:09,639 piece of debris going by and then 896 00:34:14,010 --> 00:34:11,440 heading toward the glass but it's funny 897 00:34:16,740 --> 00:34:14,020 how your earth environment you're used 898 00:34:19,260 --> 00:34:16,750 to soak in things in and the way you 899 00:34:21,090 --> 00:34:19,270 your eyes and mind interprets things and 900 00:34:23,100 --> 00:34:21,100 you get used to the zero-gravity up 901 00:34:26,639 --> 00:34:23,110 there and you get used to 22 degrees 902 00:34:28,110 --> 00:34:26,649 Celsius about 72 degrees Fahrenheit for 903 00:34:31,350 --> 00:34:28,120 five straight months you get used to 904 00:34:33,270 --> 00:34:31,360 about 35% humidity and we have some 905 00:34:35,610 --> 00:34:33,280 ventilation so a very light breeze but 906 00:34:37,500 --> 00:34:35,620 then you come back to earth and all of a 907 00:34:39,810 --> 00:34:37,510 sudden finally you get some wind in your 908 00:34:41,610 --> 00:34:39,820 face and rain seems like a really 909 00:34:42,780 --> 00:34:41,620 beautiful thing I remember being with 910 00:34:44,760 --> 00:34:42,790 some people and they were a little 911 00:34:45,810 --> 00:34:44,770 little complaining about the rain I was 912 00:34:47,909 --> 00:34:45,820 like this is great 913 00:34:50,220 --> 00:34:47,919 rainwater falling out of the sky it's 914 00:34:52,500 --> 00:34:50,230 almost hard to imagine after all that 915 00:34:55,139 --> 00:34:52,510 time and and another thing from 916 00:34:56,490 --> 00:34:55,149 Kazakhstan was when I got the coast and 917 00:34:58,080 --> 00:34:56,500 I after the helicopter ride they 918 00:35:00,150 --> 00:34:58,090 immediately gave me some beautiful 919 00:35:02,310 --> 00:35:00,160 flowers which when I saw them come and I 920 00:35:03,870 --> 00:35:02,320 just like wow I haven't seen I haven't 921 00:35:06,180 --> 00:35:03,880 seen those kinds of colors and I put him 922 00:35:08,640 --> 00:35:06,190 in my arms and the aroma from them 923 00:35:11,070 --> 00:35:08,650 though beautiful and great was 924 00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:11,080 overwhelming I just said somebody hold 925 00:35:16,530 --> 00:35:13,450 these and I'll get back to them a little 926 00:35:17,850 --> 00:35:16,540 bit later because you really do you are 927 00:35:19,920 --> 00:35:17,860 in tune on the earth with all these 928 00:35:22,020 --> 00:35:19,930 things that come and go and all the the 929 00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:22,030 senses around you and so we're a little 930 00:35:25,500 --> 00:35:23,650 deprived of those in space and have to 931 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:25,510 get used to them again back back on the 932 00:35:30,570 --> 00:35:28,510 planet alright great well hey let's 933 00:35:32,760 --> 00:35:30,580 cycle through our folks that are hanging 934 00:35:34,890 --> 00:35:32,770 10 with us here on the on the Hangout 935 00:35:38,640 --> 00:35:34,900 Carl how about you for another question 936 00:35:41,580 --> 00:35:38,650 yeah thank you so much it's great to 937 00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:41,590 hear all your answers really quite 938 00:35:46,260 --> 00:35:44,290 a journey that you guys have all bound I 939 00:35:47,250 --> 00:35:46,270 wanted to ask a little bit about the way 940 00:35:49,700 --> 00:35:47,260 you've been able to share that 941 00:35:52,350 --> 00:35:49,710 particularly for commander Hadfield 942 00:35:54,900 --> 00:35:52,360 we've had some readers interested in 943 00:35:59,160 --> 00:35:54,910 obviously your numerous YouTube videos 944 00:36:02,790 --> 00:35:59,170 and your songs and just your use of 945 00:36:05,250 --> 00:36:02,800 Twitter it's up to social media you have 946 00:36:07,380 --> 00:36:05,260 on tumblr I believe so your use of 947 00:36:09,780 --> 00:36:07,390 social media and I believe you all have 948 00:36:11,370 --> 00:36:09,790 you know social media presences but this 949 00:36:13,500 --> 00:36:11,380 one was from one of our readers for 950 00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:13,510 commander Hadfield and just curious as 951 00:36:18,600 --> 00:36:15,930 to you know what what's been your 952 00:36:20,370 --> 00:36:18,610 experience with that what drew you to it 953 00:36:24,300 --> 00:36:20,380 and what surprised you about that 954 00:36:27,150 --> 00:36:24,310 experience well I I first flew in space 955 00:36:29,550 --> 00:36:27,160 almost 20 years ago I helped build the 956 00:36:32,460 --> 00:36:29,560 Russian space station Mir and at that 957 00:36:34,500 --> 00:36:32,470 time their social media didn't really 958 00:36:36,180 --> 00:36:34,510 exist the internet was really just 959 00:36:38,250 --> 00:36:36,190 getting going every picture we took on 960 00:36:40,470 --> 00:36:38,260 there on the way to Mir was on film and 961 00:36:42,960 --> 00:36:40,480 so it was months before I could even 962 00:36:44,970 --> 00:36:42,970 show anybody what it looked like and 963 00:36:48,860 --> 00:36:44,980 I've been trying for the last 20 years 964 00:36:51,450 --> 00:36:48,870 to tell people how incredibly 965 00:36:54,960 --> 00:36:51,460 overpoweringly beautiful our planet is 966 00:36:56,880 --> 00:36:54,970 everywhere you look and how how one 967 00:36:58,380 --> 00:36:56,890 little change of the Sun angle will show 968 00:37:01,260 --> 00:36:58,390 you something on the planet that 969 00:37:02,340 --> 00:37:01,270 completely surprises you that the beauty 970 00:37:04,260 --> 00:37:02,350 of the ripples on the water at 971 00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:04,270 occurrence of the Gulf Stream or or how 972 00:37:10,050 --> 00:37:07,330 a river suddenly turns to silver and I 973 00:37:12,450 --> 00:37:10,060 can say these things out loud but to 974 00:37:14,790 --> 00:37:12,460 with the with the technology that nASA 975 00:37:17,730 --> 00:37:14,800 has put on board right now the ability 976 00:37:23,160 --> 00:37:17,740 to real-time share the experience I 977 00:37:26,070 --> 00:37:23,170 think has really helped show why we even 978 00:37:27,630 --> 00:37:26,080 do this why do we explore it's not so 979 00:37:29,340 --> 00:37:27,640 that a few remote people can take some 980 00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:29,350 pictures and then come show it to you in 981 00:37:33,060 --> 00:37:30,850 your high school gymnasium five years 982 00:37:35,100 --> 00:37:33,070 from now it's because it is real-time 983 00:37:36,990 --> 00:37:35,110 adding to the richness of the human 984 00:37:39,270 --> 00:37:37,000 experience and we now have the 985 00:37:40,980 --> 00:37:39,280 technology on board to do that and show 986 00:37:42,810 --> 00:37:40,990 people within minutes of seeing 987 00:37:46,020 --> 00:37:42,820 something spectacular on board with us 988 00:37:47,460 --> 00:37:46,030 sharing a joke or an idea or Kevin one 989 00:37:49,590 --> 00:37:47,470 night said hey let's let's load some 990 00:37:51,450 --> 00:37:49,600 water balls around a node one and just 991 00:37:53,370 --> 00:37:51,460 you know reflect and play with two and 992 00:37:55,470 --> 00:37:53,380 put some different oils and things 993 00:37:57,750 --> 00:37:55,480 together and just see how things look 994 00:38:00,060 --> 00:37:57,760 that night but we're sending pictures to 995 00:38:01,530 --> 00:38:00,070 the earth of just how spectacular a ball 996 00:38:04,349 --> 00:38:01,540 of water is when you look at it in a 997 00:38:07,800 --> 00:38:04,359 whole new environment and so I've been 998 00:38:09,660 --> 00:38:07,810 trying for 20 years to do my best to 999 00:38:11,730 --> 00:38:09,670 share the experience that we're trusted 1000 00:38:14,730 --> 00:38:11,740 with flying in space now with the 1001 00:38:17,700 --> 00:38:14,740 technology we're not just robots up 1002 00:38:19,680 --> 00:38:17,710 there this is not just simple robotic 1003 00:38:22,020 --> 00:38:19,690 photography this is an enrichment of the 1004 00:38:23,070 --> 00:38:22,030 overall human experience and we now have 1005 00:38:25,490 --> 00:38:23,080 a way to do it 1006 00:38:28,080 --> 00:38:25,500 real time to make it interactive and 1007 00:38:29,430 --> 00:38:28,090 I've just delighted that with the 1008 00:38:32,070 --> 00:38:29,440 capability that's onboard the space 1009 00:38:33,660 --> 00:38:32,080 station now or everything from the 1010 00:38:36,180 --> 00:38:33,670 science that we're doing right through 1011 00:38:37,800 --> 00:38:36,190 to to music that is so important 1012 00:38:39,480 --> 00:38:37,810 everybody around the world why not have 1013 00:38:41,700 --> 00:38:39,490 that as part of this human experience in 1014 00:38:43,980 --> 00:38:41,710 a new outpost as well and and it's been 1015 00:38:45,990 --> 00:38:43,990 a lot of fun I think if it adds to our 1016 00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:46,000 fun onboard and it definitely adds to 1017 00:38:50,040 --> 00:38:47,770 the public awareness of what space 1018 00:38:50,550 --> 00:38:50,050 station can bring to everybody thank you 1019 00:38:53,910 --> 00:38:50,560 that's great 1020 00:38:57,390 --> 00:38:53,920 right hey let's say Sean Flynn why don't 1021 00:38:58,890 --> 00:38:57,400 you take another crack at it I do you 1022 00:39:00,300 --> 00:38:58,900 want to go back to dr. Marshburn I don't 1023 00:39:01,680 --> 00:39:00,310 forgive me I don't know your I know 1024 00:39:03,660 --> 00:39:01,690 you're a physician I don't know your if 1025 00:39:04,950 --> 00:39:03,670 you have any surgical background but the 1026 00:39:06,180 --> 00:39:04,960 last two days so you are up there 1027 00:39:08,580 --> 00:39:06,190 obviously you did that emergency 1028 00:39:10,410 --> 00:39:08,590 spacewalk which do you think is harder 1029 00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:10,420 actually performing surgery with gravity 1030 00:39:13,520 --> 00:39:12,010 or performing surgery on the space 1031 00:39:16,200 --> 00:39:13,530 station without gravity 1032 00:39:18,990 --> 00:39:16,210 that's a great question do you spend 1033 00:39:20,760 --> 00:39:19,000 years and years getting ready to do 1034 00:39:22,140 --> 00:39:20,770 surgery on a human being for good reason 1035 00:39:23,910 --> 00:39:22,150 that was an emergency room doctor so 1036 00:39:27,450 --> 00:39:23,920 only the most extreme surgery would I 1037 00:39:29,280 --> 00:39:27,460 ever do in the ER the the difference of 1038 00:39:30,930 --> 00:39:29,290 course in space is that we are trained 1039 00:39:34,050 --> 00:39:30,940 for years and years to do a very limited 1040 00:39:36,680 --> 00:39:34,060 set of tasks up there but there there 1041 00:39:39,390 --> 00:39:36,690 are some similarities no matter what you 1042 00:39:41,040 --> 00:39:39,400 what happens on a spacewalk when you get 1043 00:39:44,070 --> 00:39:41,050 to the site and we were going out there 1044 00:39:45,510 --> 00:39:44,080 to try to help diagnose whatever the the 1045 00:39:46,740 --> 00:39:45,520 problem was what the leak is an ammonia 1046 00:39:50,250 --> 00:39:46,750 leak that was out there see if we could 1047 00:39:53,609 --> 00:39:50,260 find it same thing you know when you 1048 00:39:54,870 --> 00:39:53,619 open up a patient you know you're not 1049 00:39:57,150 --> 00:39:54,880 really sure what you're going to find in 1050 00:39:59,220 --> 00:39:57,160 there so you have to be willing to think 1051 00:40:02,760 --> 00:39:59,230 and act based on whatever you find out 1052 00:40:05,130 --> 00:40:02,770 the site there so the other big thing 1053 00:40:05,820 --> 00:40:05,140 that's very reassuring the space station 1054 00:40:08,300 --> 00:40:05,830 is huge 1055 00:40:09,390 --> 00:40:08,310 it is incredibly complex and 1056 00:40:11,580 --> 00:40:09,400 spacewalkers 1057 00:40:14,100 --> 00:40:11,590 we know that we are just the on-site 1058 00:40:15,150 --> 00:40:14,110 eyes and hands of an enormous amount of 1059 00:40:16,830 --> 00:40:15,160 people who are looking through our 1060 00:40:19,680 --> 00:40:16,840 cameras who are feeding us information 1061 00:40:23,010 --> 00:40:19,690 or give us and giving us instruction and 1062 00:40:24,660 --> 00:40:23,020 so you it's very clear through the 1063 00:40:27,030 --> 00:40:24,670 voices you hear and just through your 1064 00:40:29,340 --> 00:40:27,040 understanding of how a space walk has to 1065 00:40:31,200 --> 00:40:29,350 work that there's an army of people who 1066 00:40:33,630 --> 00:40:31,210 are actually doing this work and making 1067 00:40:35,160 --> 00:40:33,640 the diagnosis and we just happen to be 1068 00:40:38,670 --> 00:40:35,170 the the hands and the gloves that are 1069 00:40:40,410 --> 00:40:38,680 hands on the bolts there it's a it's 1070 00:40:41,430 --> 00:40:40,420 credible privilege to be a part of 1071 00:40:43,860 --> 00:40:41,440 something like that it's very humbling 1072 00:40:45,420 --> 00:40:43,870 actually I wish everybody could see the 1073 00:40:47,130 --> 00:40:45,430 same views we did because we got to see 1074 00:40:50,100 --> 00:40:47,140 the views when you had a second to break 1075 00:40:52,140 --> 00:40:50,110 away and look look around this but 1076 00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:52,150 that's that is certainly the biggest 1077 00:40:57,090 --> 00:40:54,850 difference they come I don't know if you 1078 00:40:59,790 --> 00:40:57,100 guys had heard but they turned the to be 1079 00:41:01,290 --> 00:40:59,800 channel back on yesterday and so we've 1080 00:41:03,690 --> 00:41:01,300 got full power from that set of solar 1081 00:41:06,030 --> 00:41:03,700 arrays again we're still looking to 1082 00:41:08,520 --> 00:41:06,040 watch the trends and see if we 1083 00:41:11,040 --> 00:41:08,530 completely stop the leaks but you got 1084 00:41:15,390 --> 00:41:11,050 the power back on inside the space 1085 00:41:17,730 --> 00:41:15,400 station from all later rays it feels 1086 00:41:20,100 --> 00:41:17,740 great but I tell you you know starting 1087 00:41:21,540 --> 00:41:20,110 with the people who made the decision 1088 00:41:23,700 --> 00:41:21,550 that yes this could be done and a 1089 00:41:26,280 --> 00:41:23,710 spacewalk can be done in two days 1090 00:41:28,350 --> 00:41:26,290 we couldn't believe the audacity of the 1091 00:41:30,980 --> 00:41:28,360 people to come up with that decision but 1092 00:41:34,740 --> 00:41:30,990 at no time did we feel rushed or unsafe 1093 00:41:36,600 --> 00:41:34,750 and we feel like NASA made it exactly 1094 00:41:39,360 --> 00:41:36,610 the right decision to put us out there 1095 00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:39,370 they're very safe and logical one as 1096 00:41:43,230 --> 00:41:41,290 well so it's incredibly gratifying to 1097 00:41:46,320 --> 00:41:43,240 know that that kind of decision through 1098 00:41:49,320 --> 00:41:46,330 all levels can be made and and have it 1099 00:41:50,910 --> 00:41:49,330 all work out I was wonderful you know I 1100 00:41:52,500 --> 00:41:50,920 think that was an international effort 1101 00:41:54,300 --> 00:41:52,510 from what I heard I had one of the 1102 00:41:56,760 --> 00:41:54,310 Russian crew members spotted the ammonia 1103 00:41:59,400 --> 00:41:56,770 flakes first and they reported it to a 1104 00:42:01,380 --> 00:41:59,410 Canadian commander and then you had two 1105 00:42:02,940 --> 00:42:01,390 American spacewalkers that went out and 1106 00:42:06,990 --> 00:42:02,950 fixed it while the Canadian commander 1107 00:42:09,570 --> 00:42:07,000 was the into vehicular officer let's 1108 00:42:12,450 --> 00:42:09,580 let's go back to the whole International 1109 00:42:14,100 --> 00:42:12,460 and Model UN aspect and and talk to 1110 00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:14,110 Christina and her folks and see what 1111 00:42:20,010 --> 00:42:18,370 they've got to ask about that I am my 1112 00:42:21,450 --> 00:42:20,020 name is Samir cannon before I asked my 1113 00:42:22,830 --> 00:42:21,460 question I just want to say thank you so 1114 00:42:23,910 --> 00:42:22,840 much and also 1115 00:42:26,370 --> 00:42:23,920 sorry Freddie Becker noises a 1116 00:42:28,140 --> 00:42:26,380 thunderstorm in the air city and right 1117 00:42:31,260 --> 00:42:28,150 outside the the UN right now 1118 00:42:34,140 --> 00:42:31,270 so only asked you already mentioned 1119 00:42:36,540 --> 00:42:34,150 about peaceful cooperation and how 1120 00:42:38,220 --> 00:42:36,550 unprecedented that is one of the topics 1121 00:42:40,590 --> 00:42:38,230 that we often discuss in Model UN is 1122 00:42:43,140 --> 00:42:40,600 militarization and weaponization of 1123 00:42:44,790 --> 00:42:43,150 space and I wanted to ask you if you had 1124 00:42:46,890 --> 00:42:44,800 any general thoughts on that and if you 1125 00:42:49,050 --> 00:42:46,900 thought that cooperation between these 1126 00:42:50,910 --> 00:42:49,060 15 countries on the international space 1127 00:42:53,550 --> 00:42:50,920 station helped reduce the likelihood of 1128 00:42:59,760 --> 00:42:53,560 conflict in general or the preparations 1129 00:43:03,060 --> 00:42:59,770 for that in space you know nations are 1130 00:43:05,220 --> 00:43:03,070 motivated by a lot of things survival by 1131 00:43:08,730 --> 00:43:05,230 their own self-sufficiency they're 1132 00:43:12,150 --> 00:43:08,740 becoming being self-sufficient but the 1133 00:43:14,070 --> 00:43:12,160 International Space Station is is all 1134 00:43:16,470 --> 00:43:14,080 about discovery and exploration and a 1135 00:43:17,850 --> 00:43:16,480 multinational effort where some of the 1136 00:43:22,650 --> 00:43:17,860 richest nations in the world to come 1137 00:43:25,620 --> 00:43:22,660 together to explore that is a very 1138 00:43:27,270 --> 00:43:25,630 remarkable achievement militarization of 1139 00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:27,280 space on I know that will will go 1140 00:43:33,540 --> 00:43:30,010 through many nations minds and there 1141 00:43:35,040 --> 00:43:33,550 will be advances and reaching out in 1142 00:43:38,040 --> 00:43:35,050 that area but the International Space 1143 00:43:40,500 --> 00:43:38,050 Station shows what can be done just for 1144 00:43:44,550 --> 00:43:40,510 that very high level of human evolution 1145 00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:44,560 to to explore so we represent human 1146 00:43:50,580 --> 00:43:46,810 beings not individuals from different 1147 00:43:51,540 --> 00:43:50,590 countries but the human race itself and 1148 00:43:54,780 --> 00:43:51,550 I think the international space station 1149 00:43:56,460 --> 00:43:54,790 stands for that if we're real kind of 1150 00:44:01,020 --> 00:43:56,470 we're at war with a common enemy and 1151 00:44:03,330 --> 00:44:01,030 that is complexity and the the great 1152 00:44:05,190 --> 00:44:03,340 right on the edge of human capability to 1153 00:44:07,380 --> 00:44:05,200 even do what we're doing on there it's 1154 00:44:09,510 --> 00:44:07,390 it's almost too much for any one nation 1155 00:44:11,310 --> 00:44:09,520 to burden to shoulder some countries can 1156 00:44:12,960 --> 00:44:11,320 do it for a little while but to make it 1157 00:44:14,850 --> 00:44:12,970 through all of our economic cycles and 1158 00:44:17,040 --> 00:44:14,860 our political cycles that that that 1159 00:44:18,930 --> 00:44:17,050 every nation is faced with it's very 1160 00:44:20,730 --> 00:44:18,940 difficult to start to leave earth now 1161 00:44:23,190 --> 00:44:20,740 with the technology that we have and do 1162 00:44:25,590 --> 00:44:23,200 it completely any one nation or any one 1163 00:44:28,350 --> 00:44:25,600 sub organization on their own and I 1164 00:44:31,350 --> 00:44:28,360 think the beauty of it is is is the the 1165 00:44:34,260 --> 00:44:31,360 complexity and the the risks of it 1166 00:44:35,580 --> 00:44:34,270 become a common enemy that then unites 1167 00:44:36,780 --> 00:44:35,590 people that might not otherwise be 1168 00:44:39,810 --> 00:44:36,790 working together 1169 00:44:42,690 --> 00:44:39,820 and to be able to have Pavel Vinogradov 1170 00:44:45,660 --> 00:44:42,700 float over to me and say could you see a 1171 00:44:47,130 --> 00:44:45,670 little leak outside and and for me then 1172 00:44:48,510 --> 00:44:47,140 to go with him to the window and then 1173 00:44:50,160 --> 00:44:48,520 the two of us talk with everybody on 1174 00:44:51,870 --> 00:44:50,170 board and then talk with Heather down in 1175 00:44:53,760 --> 00:44:51,880 who was the flight director at the time 1176 00:44:55,620 --> 00:44:53,770 and then Heather having her team look at 1177 00:44:57,660 --> 00:44:55,630 the data everybody from around the world 1178 00:44:59,580 --> 00:44:57,670 with Pavel and I suiting up Tom and 1179 00:45:01,800 --> 00:44:59,590 Chris to go outside and fix this thing 1180 00:45:03,900 --> 00:45:01,810 on behalf of international nation to me 1181 00:45:06,750 --> 00:45:03,910 it was just a lovely little microcosm of 1182 00:45:08,880 --> 00:45:06,760 how we all can be when we decide for 1183 00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:08,890 whatever reasons to work together in a 1184 00:45:12,870 --> 00:45:10,810 common direction and there's lots of 1185 00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:12,880 reasons and lots of examples where we 1186 00:45:17,370 --> 00:45:15,010 don't do things right but there are some 1187 00:45:19,470 --> 00:45:17,380 examples where we really do things right 1188 00:45:23,220 --> 00:45:19,480 and and you need examples to inspire 1189 00:45:24,420 --> 00:45:23,230 people and and we're just so happy we've 1190 00:45:26,130 --> 00:45:24,430 been working at it for a lot of years 1191 00:45:27,840 --> 00:45:26,140 together but we're really pleased that 1192 00:45:29,580 --> 00:45:27,850 we're part of one of those examples and 1193 00:45:32,300 --> 00:45:29,590 we know it's not perfect but it's a 1194 00:45:35,400 --> 00:45:32,310 pretty good example and and the results 1195 00:45:36,780 --> 00:45:35,410 hopefully speak for themselves I mean I 1196 00:45:38,250 --> 00:45:36,790 just throw out two I don't think there's 1197 00:45:39,510 --> 00:45:38,260 any turning back at this point 1198 00:45:42,900 --> 00:45:39,520 in terms of the international 1199 00:45:44,460 --> 00:45:42,910 cooperation this this is a not only has 1200 00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:44,470 it worked well and it's it's a good 1201 00:45:49,620 --> 00:45:46,690 example but it seems to be pretty much 1202 00:45:51,860 --> 00:45:49,630 the consensus that future major 1203 00:45:54,720 --> 00:45:51,870 endeavors like this whatever it might be 1204 00:45:56,670 --> 00:45:54,730 are going to be international efforts 1205 00:45:59,160 --> 00:45:56,680 together so that that's a good feeling 1206 00:46:00,750 --> 00:45:59,170 that the international space station 1207 00:46:03,150 --> 00:46:00,760 kind of kicked us off in that direction 1208 00:46:04,980 --> 00:46:03,160 I don't think I don't think we're ever 1209 00:46:08,240 --> 00:46:04,990 going back as a planet so that'll be a 1210 00:46:17,340 --> 00:46:10,940 alright let's go back to Mike and Mike 1211 00:46:20,850 --> 00:46:17,350 any questions from you mr. Anson part 1212 00:46:22,590 --> 00:46:20,860 one of mine so I imagine after being in 1213 00:46:24,990 --> 00:46:22,600 space looking down at the earth and 1214 00:46:27,210 --> 00:46:25,000 seeing no political boundaries that when 1215 00:46:29,850 --> 00:46:27,220 you come back and turn on the news and 1216 00:46:31,860 --> 00:46:29,860 some of the skirmishes that continue you 1217 00:46:35,430 --> 00:46:31,870 just want to strangle people and stay 1218 00:46:37,410 --> 00:46:35,440 but we're all on one planet how do you 1219 00:46:40,110 --> 00:46:37,420 deal with those things and what do you 1220 00:46:41,700 --> 00:46:40,120 say to people to try and express that 1221 00:46:43,440 --> 00:46:41,710 we're all in this together 1222 00:46:47,000 --> 00:46:43,450 with the unique perspective that you 1223 00:46:52,890 --> 00:46:49,860 yeah well it's it's a great privilege 1224 00:46:56,970 --> 00:46:52,900 for us to be up there and people 1225 00:46:58,710 --> 00:46:56,980 everybody has their their problems 1226 00:47:00,960 --> 00:46:58,720 everybody's guy has their challenges for 1227 00:47:05,250 --> 00:47:00,970 their own survival we can see rivers 1228 00:47:06,810 --> 00:47:05,260 where the the river has moved every year 1229 00:47:08,160 --> 00:47:06,820 and you can see the the tribes with 1230 00:47:09,390 --> 00:47:08,170 people or the small towns that have 1231 00:47:11,790 --> 00:47:09,400 moved with that River people just 1232 00:47:14,250 --> 00:47:11,800 clustered around water just a lot of the 1233 00:47:15,360 --> 00:47:14,260 world is just trying to survive so we 1234 00:47:16,920 --> 00:47:15,370 realize how we were in a Provost 1235 00:47:19,140 --> 00:47:16,930 position to be a privileged position to 1236 00:47:21,540 --> 00:47:19,150 be able to look down on all that but my 1237 00:47:24,270 --> 00:47:21,550 feeling about it is that I got I felt 1238 00:47:26,700 --> 00:47:24,280 like I had a more Universal picture of 1239 00:47:28,230 --> 00:47:26,710 where human beings are you see the Milky 1240 00:47:31,920 --> 00:47:28,240 Way the vast Milky Way you see the 1241 00:47:34,350 --> 00:47:31,930 planet as more like a globe so much more 1242 00:47:37,020 --> 00:47:34,360 a part of the Milky Way and you imagine 1243 00:47:40,470 --> 00:47:37,030 the humans on this globe they're very 1244 00:47:43,140 --> 00:47:40,480 tiny very fragile part of it so I almost 1245 00:47:45,480 --> 00:47:43,150 felt like the human race is we're in our 1246 00:47:48,750 --> 00:47:45,490 teenage years or maybe even younger in 1247 00:47:50,790 --> 00:47:48,760 our evolution and it actually gave me a 1248 00:47:51,870 --> 00:47:50,800 great sense of hope for human beings as 1249 00:47:53,970 --> 00:47:51,880 we continue to mature 1250 00:47:56,820 --> 00:47:53,980 maybe's through space flight and but all 1251 00:47:59,190 --> 00:47:56,830 through all endeavors on the ground that 1252 00:48:03,300 --> 00:47:59,200 we are actually getting better and 1253 00:48:05,520 --> 00:48:03,310 better as time goes on I think there are 1254 00:48:07,410 --> 00:48:05,530 always reasons to despair if you want 1255 00:48:09,060 --> 00:48:07,420 there always going to be people just 1256 00:48:10,730 --> 00:48:09,070 just like in any big family there's 1257 00:48:13,380 --> 00:48:10,740 always someone having a squabble and 1258 00:48:14,700 --> 00:48:13,390 there are if you really want to focus on 1259 00:48:17,040 --> 00:48:14,710 it there's always something horrible 1260 00:48:19,020 --> 00:48:17,050 going on but there are a lot more great 1261 00:48:20,850 --> 00:48:19,030 things going on than there are horrible 1262 00:48:23,450 --> 00:48:20,860 things we tend to this point point our 1263 00:48:25,320 --> 00:48:23,460 cameras at the most newsworthy 1264 00:48:28,860 --> 00:48:25,330 unpleasant thing that's happening today 1265 00:48:31,020 --> 00:48:28,870 because it's maybe less shocking than 1266 00:48:32,610 --> 00:48:31,030 the beauty and the Wonder and the grace 1267 00:48:36,600 --> 00:48:32,620 that is almost the rest of the human 1268 00:48:38,670 --> 00:48:36,610 life from orbit you get to see the whole 1269 00:48:41,040 --> 00:48:38,680 world in an hour and a half you get to 1270 00:48:42,300 --> 00:48:41,050 see where people are trying their best 1271 00:48:44,070 --> 00:48:42,310 to live their lives 1272 00:48:45,810 --> 00:48:44,080 most people don't maybe have the 1273 00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:45,820 mobility to go somewhere else they're 1274 00:48:49,560 --> 00:48:47,410 living in this particular part of the 1275 00:48:52,350 --> 00:48:49,570 world one of the things I tried in orbit 1276 00:48:54,540 --> 00:48:52,360 was to tell me where I should visit when 1277 00:48:56,790 --> 00:48:54,550 I come back I was shocked 1278 00:48:59,160 --> 00:48:56,800 the number of people the vast majority 1279 00:49:00,300 --> 00:48:59,170 of people that said you need to come to 1280 00:49:02,640 --> 00:49:00,310 my hometown 1281 00:49:04,560 --> 00:49:02,650 this is the most beautiful part of the 1282 00:49:06,660 --> 00:49:04,570 world this is where people are good to 1283 00:49:08,700 --> 00:49:06,670 each other and this is from everywhere 1284 00:49:10,590 --> 00:49:08,710 on the planet languages I can't even 1285 00:49:13,530 --> 00:49:10,600 read the alphabet people are telling me 1286 00:49:15,000 --> 00:49:13,540 this is a wonderful place we are good 1287 00:49:17,340 --> 00:49:15,010 people here and we are just trying to 1288 00:49:19,100 --> 00:49:17,350 lead a life a productive and life of 1289 00:49:21,990 --> 00:49:19,110 grace for ourselves and our children and 1290 00:49:24,210 --> 00:49:22,000 yes it's easy to focus on the headline 1291 00:49:26,160 --> 00:49:24,220 of the day or some horribly behaving 1292 00:49:29,070 --> 00:49:26,170 person who does something rude and 1293 00:49:31,530 --> 00:49:29,080 obnoxious but there's so much beauty and 1294 00:49:33,180 --> 00:49:31,540 wonder in the world and hopefully the 1295 00:49:35,430 --> 00:49:33,190 perspective of course that affects us 1296 00:49:37,800 --> 00:49:35,440 directly but the ones that we try and 1297 00:49:39,960 --> 00:49:37,810 share will influence as many people as 1298 00:49:41,910 --> 00:49:39,970 possible to appreciate the big picture 1299 00:49:44,160 --> 00:49:41,920 appreciate the real wonder that's going 1300 00:49:48,000 --> 00:49:44,170 on and maybe shape their lives a little 1301 00:49:50,160 --> 00:49:48,010 bit in that direction also thanks guys 1302 00:49:52,350 --> 00:49:50,170 hey as I mentioned we're taking 1303 00:49:55,350 --> 00:49:52,360 questions from all around the social 1304 00:49:57,150 --> 00:49:55,360 media sphere we have a special 1305 00:49:59,760 --> 00:49:57,160 International Space Station Facebook 1306 00:50:01,710 --> 00:49:59,770 page we've got a question from Cindy Han 1307 00:50:04,590 --> 00:50:01,720 - Qi who asked about her ninth grade 1308 00:50:07,790 --> 00:50:04,600 class of science students and they're 1309 00:50:11,310 --> 00:50:07,800 studying right now future space missions 1310 00:50:13,830 --> 00:50:11,320 especially going to Mars and she wanted 1311 00:50:17,520 --> 00:50:13,840 to know if Space Station missions are 1312 00:50:20,880 --> 00:50:17,530 limited by radiation exposure or if that 1313 00:50:22,470 --> 00:50:20,890 problem has been solved well I guess 1314 00:50:24,180 --> 00:50:22,480 I'll take a crack at it it's my turn 1315 00:50:27,750 --> 00:50:24,190 those were great answers so if you guys 1316 00:50:30,330 --> 00:50:27,760 just gave the the radiation problem is 1317 00:50:33,270 --> 00:50:30,340 very serious fortunately when we're in 1318 00:50:35,400 --> 00:50:33,280 low Earth orbit we have the the Van 1319 00:50:37,440 --> 00:50:35,410 Allen belts helping us out protecting us 1320 00:50:39,150 --> 00:50:37,450 a little bit nevertheless we're learning 1321 00:50:41,790 --> 00:50:39,160 a lot about the radiation environment 1322 00:50:43,050 --> 00:50:41,800 there with other kinds of vehicles we're 1323 00:50:45,300 --> 00:50:43,060 learning a lot about the radiation 1324 00:50:47,130 --> 00:50:45,310 environment outside in deep space and 1325 00:50:49,890 --> 00:50:47,140 it's a very serious problem there's a 1326 00:50:52,320 --> 00:50:49,900 lot of a lot of dangerous radiation out 1327 00:50:54,840 --> 00:50:52,330 there so when we do start visiting other 1328 00:50:57,090 --> 00:50:54,850 planets it's not that far away when we 1329 00:50:59,970 --> 00:50:57,100 do start doing it we need to solve that 1330 00:51:02,640 --> 00:50:59,980 problem so we're learning a lot from 1331 00:51:04,200 --> 00:51:02,650 station and other other vehicles too 1332 00:51:06,150 --> 00:51:04,210 that are part of the exploration effort 1333 00:51:08,400 --> 00:51:06,160 and you're absolutely right we have to 1334 00:51:10,710 --> 00:51:08,410 we have to crack that one and learn to 1335 00:51:14,759 --> 00:51:10,720 learn live out in it and handle it 1336 00:51:20,289 --> 00:51:18,009 all right let's give Laurel Connor 1337 00:51:23,469 --> 00:51:20,299 another chance to ask you n really good 1338 00:51:25,390 --> 00:51:23,479 question thank you and it's slightly 1339 00:51:27,549 --> 00:51:25,400 different and not necessarily um related 1340 00:51:29,559 --> 00:51:27,559 and but when most of our volunteers at 1341 00:51:32,319 --> 00:51:29,569 national Model UN found out about this 1342 00:51:34,150 --> 00:51:32,329 call we were all very excited and many 1343 00:51:35,829 --> 00:51:34,160 of us spoke about how we ourselves would 1344 00:51:38,140 --> 00:51:35,839 like to go into space so with that in 1345 00:51:39,819 --> 00:51:38,150 mind and do you think space wise is 1346 00:51:42,069 --> 00:51:39,829 something that will be accessible to the 1347 00:51:46,839 --> 00:51:42,079 masses within our lifetime or perhaps in 1348 00:51:50,259 --> 00:51:46,849 the next generation I gotta leave for me 1349 00:51:54,130 --> 00:51:50,269 to talk yeah the answer of course is 1350 00:51:58,870 --> 00:51:54,140 absolutely yes if you if you were doing 1351 00:52:00,969 --> 00:51:58,880 a Model UN in nineteen eight or 1910 or 1352 00:52:04,329 --> 00:52:00,979 League of Nations or whatever existed 1353 00:52:07,180 --> 00:52:04,339 then but you could have asked the same 1354 00:52:09,069 --> 00:52:07,190 thing about airplane travel or if it had 1355 00:52:12,029 --> 00:52:09,079 been 300 years previous you could have 1356 00:52:15,279 --> 00:52:12,039 asked the same about about transoceanic 1357 00:52:17,469 --> 00:52:15,289 travel in a boat we always take the very 1358 00:52:19,390 --> 00:52:17,479 limit of our technology and push it 1359 00:52:21,160 --> 00:52:19,400 through large organizations and research 1360 00:52:23,759 --> 00:52:21,170 groups and a few people that are willing 1361 00:52:27,099 --> 00:52:23,769 to take the risk until we develop the 1362 00:52:29,410 --> 00:52:27,109 technology that then drops the risk and 1363 00:52:31,180 --> 00:52:29,420 once you've got the risk down then you 1364 00:52:33,189 --> 00:52:31,190 can start dropping the cost and then 1365 00:52:35,199 --> 00:52:33,199 raising the accessibility and there's 1366 00:52:37,689 --> 00:52:35,209 multiple repeated examples of that 1367 00:52:38,829 --> 00:52:37,699 throughout human history right now we 1368 00:52:41,589 --> 00:52:38,839 are somewhere around 1369 00:52:44,170 --> 00:52:41,599 I don't know nineteen twelve in aviation 1370 00:52:45,759 --> 00:52:44,180 you know where yes airplanes fly at a 1371 00:52:47,709 --> 00:52:45,769 regular basis they can fly across the 1372 00:52:50,410 --> 00:52:47,719 English Channel not quite across the 1373 00:52:52,599 --> 00:52:50,420 Atlantic yet but people regularly fly 1374 00:52:54,699 --> 00:52:52,609 and don't die but there's still a lot of 1375 00:52:58,239 --> 00:52:54,709 risk involved and you still don't really 1376 00:52:59,709 --> 00:52:58,249 have room just for pure passengers even 1377 00:53:01,329 --> 00:52:59,719 if right now if you have the money to 1378 00:53:03,339 --> 00:53:01,339 fly on the Soyuz like a few wealthy 1379 00:53:05,289 --> 00:53:03,349 people have they still have to go and 1380 00:53:07,209 --> 00:53:05,299 train you know when you get on an 1381 00:53:08,410 --> 00:53:07,219 airliner and the the Stewart or 1382 00:53:10,150 --> 00:53:08,420 stewardess at the front stands up and 1383 00:53:12,039 --> 00:53:10,160 gives a two-minute brief on the safety 1384 00:53:14,259 --> 00:53:12,049 exits that briefing takes about nine 1385 00:53:16,209 --> 00:53:14,269 months to fly on the Soyuz you really 1386 00:53:18,609 --> 00:53:16,219 have to train for quite a while just to 1387 00:53:20,499 --> 00:53:18,619 go and we're still at that fledgling 1388 00:53:23,529 --> 00:53:20,509 stage but there are companies right now 1389 00:53:26,229 --> 00:53:23,539 working really hard to bring it to many 1390 00:53:27,880 --> 00:53:26,239 more people at least suborbital and it's 1391 00:53:30,249 --> 00:53:27,890 just the technology that limits 1392 00:53:32,019 --> 00:53:30,259 we need to invent slightly better 1393 00:53:33,400 --> 00:53:32,029 engines just like they did a hundred 1394 00:53:35,979 --> 00:53:33,410 years ago with airplanes we need to 1395 00:53:38,620 --> 00:53:35,989 invent better protective vehicles and 1396 00:53:41,529 --> 00:53:38,630 and more automated systems so it doesn't 1397 00:53:44,739 --> 00:53:41,539 require so much human interaction but to 1398 00:53:46,359 --> 00:53:44,749 think that that space is some sacrosanct 1399 00:53:47,529 --> 00:53:46,369 thing that we can't figure out the 1400 00:53:51,220 --> 00:53:47,539 technology it will make it more 1401 00:53:52,479 --> 00:53:51,230 accessible to people is just proven 1402 00:53:54,160 --> 00:53:52,489 wrong by so many things that have 1403 00:53:55,839 --> 00:53:54,170 happened in the past in history yes 1404 00:53:57,999 --> 00:53:55,849 we'll get there hopefully the work that 1405 00:53:59,470 --> 00:53:58,009 we've contributed to this and that all 1406 00:54:01,450 --> 00:53:59,480 of the governments that are currently 1407 00:54:03,640 --> 00:54:01,460 working on will bring it into the 1408 00:54:06,700 --> 00:54:03,650 popular realm the common realm of safety 1409 00:54:08,200 --> 00:54:06,710 and thus affordability exactly when it's 1410 00:54:11,049 --> 00:54:08,210 like trying to predict jet engines in 1411 00:54:12,940 --> 00:54:11,059 1915 but once you get through those 1412 00:54:14,680 --> 00:54:12,950 technological hurdles then it becomes 1413 00:54:17,950 --> 00:54:14,690 part of the common human experience and 1414 00:54:20,259 --> 00:54:17,960 we can really then allow the beauty and 1415 00:54:22,720 --> 00:54:20,269 the Wonder perspective that orbiting the 1416 00:54:28,630 --> 00:54:22,730 world brings to so many more people and 1417 00:54:30,460 --> 00:54:28,640 that'll that'll just enrich us all all 1418 00:54:33,279 --> 00:54:30,470 right I'll throw one more out from the 1419 00:54:35,349 --> 00:54:33,289 internet from Jawad and and this is 1420 00:54:38,680 --> 00:54:35,359 we're a little bit related to the recent 1421 00:54:41,200 --> 00:54:38,690 Google+ hangout with the cast of new 1422 00:54:42,999 --> 00:54:41,210 Star Trek movie it said did you see or 1423 00:54:44,799 --> 00:54:43,009 encounter anything in space that might 1424 00:54:49,259 --> 00:54:44,809 make you believe in the existence of 1425 00:54:51,759 --> 00:54:49,269 intelligent life outside of our planet 1426 00:54:55,440 --> 00:54:51,769 just speaking for myself the only thing 1427 00:54:57,609 --> 00:54:55,450 I saw was just the number of stars and 1428 00:55:02,470 --> 00:54:57,619 that was but rest' with the knowledge 1429 00:55:04,269 --> 00:55:02,480 that that NASA has provided largely that 1430 00:55:05,799 --> 00:55:04,279 most of those stars probably is 1431 00:55:07,809 --> 00:55:05,809 surrounded by planets every star we look 1432 00:55:09,370 --> 00:55:07,819 at now has planets they're not all 1433 00:55:11,109 --> 00:55:09,380 earth-like but now we're discovering the 1434 00:55:15,190 --> 00:55:11,119 hard to find in other words the 1435 00:55:18,099 --> 00:55:15,200 earth-like planets out there so we the 1436 00:55:20,079 --> 00:55:18,109 night sky from the space station looks a 1437 00:55:21,759 --> 00:55:20,089 lot like it does on earth if you can 1438 00:55:23,859 --> 00:55:21,769 find a field far away from any city 1439 00:55:25,779 --> 00:55:23,869 lights so you can you can have that 1440 00:55:27,579 --> 00:55:25,789 experience as well but if you let your 1441 00:55:29,380 --> 00:55:27,589 eyes adjust you can see the stars don't 1442 00:55:32,739 --> 00:55:29,390 Huichol you can see planets as little 1443 00:55:36,069 --> 00:55:32,749 disks so you feel like you are a part of 1444 00:55:38,950 --> 00:55:36,079 that that universe so that is the only 1445 00:55:40,359 --> 00:55:38,960 thing that made me think of life on 1446 00:55:41,680 --> 00:55:40,369 other planets I think it's almost a 1447 00:55:42,700 --> 00:55:41,690 certainty of course I don't know 1448 00:55:44,589 --> 00:55:42,710 that's one of the reasons why we're 1449 00:55:46,210 --> 00:55:44,599 doing the research but otherwise 1450 00:55:47,710 --> 00:55:46,220 anything that was unexplained was just 1451 00:55:49,510 --> 00:55:47,720 something that was unexplained like 1452 00:55:51,039 --> 00:55:49,520 little glittering pieces of things 1453 00:55:52,930 --> 00:55:51,049 flying off of your space station which 1454 00:55:56,049 --> 00:55:52,940 turned out to be ammonia there's usually 1455 00:55:58,960 --> 00:55:56,059 a reason anything did you see anything I 1456 00:56:00,849 --> 00:55:58,970 don't have anything else dad I didn't 1457 00:56:04,120 --> 00:56:00,859 see anything you know I had the same 1458 00:56:06,630 --> 00:56:04,130 imagination I think that Tom had just 1459 00:56:09,730 --> 00:56:06,640 out there it is a small planet almost 1460 00:56:12,400 --> 00:56:09,740 almost saw our earth our globe as as 1461 00:56:15,490 --> 00:56:12,410 like a city just with regrets it's just 1462 00:56:17,799 --> 00:56:15,500 a very small place in the universe so we 1463 00:56:20,710 --> 00:56:17,809 do we do feel the grandeur of it and the 1464 00:56:22,120 --> 00:56:20,720 infinity of it all out there so it's 1465 00:56:24,630 --> 00:56:22,130 it's hard to imagine that there's not 1466 00:56:26,829 --> 00:56:24,640 but I didn't I didn't see anything that 1467 00:56:30,069 --> 00:56:26,839 that showed showed me that there were 1468 00:56:32,440 --> 00:56:30,079 signs come in to visit us yet all right 1469 00:56:35,289 --> 00:56:32,450 as I understand that Chris had to take 1470 00:56:37,510 --> 00:56:35,299 off for some medical exams or something 1471 00:56:39,549 --> 00:56:37,520 like that let's take one more question 1472 00:56:41,319 --> 00:56:39,559 here before you wrap up and I want to 1473 00:56:42,700 --> 00:56:41,329 get to Christina you got one other 1474 00:56:45,010 --> 00:56:42,710 person there who hasn't had a chance to 1475 00:56:48,269 --> 00:56:45,020 ask a question let's get the last live 1476 00:56:51,190 --> 00:56:48,279 person on the Hangout into the mix I 1477 00:56:53,470 --> 00:56:51,200 thanks so much my name is Sasha slamming 1478 00:56:54,940 --> 00:56:53,480 it's so nice to hear all of your 1479 00:56:57,099 --> 00:56:54,950 responses and get to chat with you it's 1480 00:56:59,019 --> 00:56:57,109 not every day we get to talk to 1481 00:57:01,480 --> 00:56:59,029 astronauts so this has been really 1482 00:57:04,260 --> 00:57:01,490 fantastic so I guess one last thing 1483 00:57:07,240 --> 00:57:04,270 we're interested in knowing about is how 1484 00:57:10,359 --> 00:57:07,250 do you think we can build the capacity 1485 00:57:12,760 --> 00:57:10,369 of other countries who aren't able to 1486 00:57:14,140 --> 00:57:12,770 send astronauts to space or have the 1487 00:57:16,120 --> 00:57:14,150 space programs so that they can 1488 00:57:19,029 --> 00:57:16,130 experience the space station in the way 1489 00:57:20,260 --> 00:57:19,039 that you do is that possible or how do 1490 00:57:25,089 --> 00:57:20,270 you see the future of other countries 1491 00:57:27,670 --> 00:57:25,099 participating well that that's a great 1492 00:57:29,920 --> 00:57:27,680 question you know not every node every 1493 00:57:33,640 --> 00:57:29,930 country has the resources that the 1494 00:57:35,650 --> 00:57:33,650 richest do one of the United Kingdom I 1495 00:57:38,279 --> 00:57:35,660 again just joined a human spaceflight 1496 00:57:42,400 --> 00:57:38,289 and assigned that Tim Peake to go fly in 1497 00:57:44,740 --> 00:57:42,410 2015-2016 some time around there so 1498 00:57:48,190 --> 00:57:44,750 countries are starting to come back into 1499 00:57:50,470 --> 00:57:48,200 it and we would like to see you know a 1500 00:57:53,890 --> 00:57:50,480 cooperation really on a really large 1501 00:57:55,020 --> 00:57:53,900 international scale we do know you know 1502 00:57:57,000 --> 00:57:55,030 that they're they're fine 1503 00:57:59,820 --> 00:57:57,010 has involved this this does cost 1504 00:58:01,350 --> 00:57:59,830 something and those those countries that 1505 00:58:03,540 --> 00:58:01,360 participate like to have the 1506 00:58:06,120 --> 00:58:03,550 participation of their citizens but you 1507 00:58:08,430 --> 00:58:06,130 know hopefully like Chris Hadfield was 1508 00:58:10,320 --> 00:58:08,440 saying earlier you know as we as we get 1509 00:58:12,630 --> 00:58:10,330 more and more capacity and more space 1510 00:58:15,060 --> 00:58:12,640 flights and maybe even expand cruise on 1511 00:58:16,830 --> 00:58:15,070 the International Space Station to to a 1512 00:58:19,110 --> 00:58:16,840 larger compliment currently we usually 1513 00:58:20,730 --> 00:58:19,120 have six there sometimes down to three 1514 00:58:22,710 --> 00:58:20,740 if we could if we could have a bigger 1515 00:58:24,480 --> 00:58:22,720 crew up there that hopefully we can 1516 00:58:26,880 --> 00:58:24,490 expand the number of countries that 1517 00:58:28,350 --> 00:58:26,890 participate that and go out and share it 1518 00:58:30,870 --> 00:58:28,360 with the rest of the world but what 1519 00:58:34,710 --> 00:58:30,880 we're doing is really for the entire 1520 00:58:37,560 --> 00:58:34,720 planet so so I think that's that's 1521 00:58:39,330 --> 00:58:37,570 that's a big plus and hopefully five to 1522 00:58:40,860 --> 00:58:39,340 ten years and on down the line we'll be 1523 00:58:44,280 --> 00:58:40,870 able to to get more more countries 1524 00:58:46,260 --> 00:58:44,290 involved and it's happening right now as 1525 00:58:48,480 --> 00:58:46,270 well Italy for instance does not have a 1526 00:58:50,790 --> 00:58:48,490 launch pad as far as I know for sending 1527 00:58:53,100 --> 00:58:50,800 people into space it doesn't have a 1528 00:58:55,020 --> 00:58:53,110 rocket that is developed however it 1529 00:58:56,610 --> 00:58:55,030 builds beautiful spacecraft and we are 1530 00:58:59,220 --> 00:58:56,620 able to enjoy a lot of the modules that 1531 00:59:00,780 --> 00:58:59,230 Italy has built several of them attached 1532 00:59:02,580 --> 00:59:00,790 to the space station and one of their 1533 00:59:04,530 --> 00:59:02,590 astronauts Luca parmitano is going to be 1534 00:59:05,700 --> 00:59:04,540 launching here in just a few days to go 1535 00:59:07,680 --> 00:59:05,710 up there so there are many ways that 1536 00:59:09,360 --> 00:59:07,690 countries can be involved and that is 1537 00:59:11,070 --> 00:59:09,370 part of the international effort not 1538 00:59:13,500 --> 00:59:11,080 every country in the international 1539 00:59:17,370 --> 00:59:13,510 effort has to have all the elements of a 1540 00:59:20,520 --> 00:59:17,380 space program that's how our all of us 1541 00:59:22,530 --> 00:59:20,530 together can be greater than then as a 1542 00:59:25,650 --> 00:59:22,540 whole can be greater than all of us 1543 00:59:26,910 --> 00:59:25,660 individually just add it up so we're 1544 00:59:29,250 --> 00:59:26,920 looking forward to have a look on board 1545 00:59:32,130 --> 00:59:29,260 certainly you know I think that's a 1546 00:59:34,260 --> 00:59:32,140 great way to wrap it up with that note 1547 00:59:37,370 --> 00:59:34,270 of cooperation I want to thank everybody 1548 00:59:39,000 --> 00:59:37,380 on this Google+ Hangout today especially 1549 00:59:41,640 --> 00:59:39,010 Kevin Ford 1550 00:59:43,770 --> 00:59:41,650 Tom Marshburn and Chris Hadfield all the 1551 00:59:45,660 --> 00:59:43,780 Model UN participants are media 1552 00:59:47,430 --> 00:59:45,670 participants it's been really great 1553 00:59:50,100 --> 00:59:47,440 having everybody here and all the folks 1554 00:59:51,960 --> 00:59:50,110 out on Facebook and Twitter and every 1555 00:59:54,450 --> 00:59:51,970 other social media mechanism we have 1556 00:59:56,490 --> 00:59:54,460 Google+ of course we look forward to 1557 00:59:58,200 --> 00:59:56,500 seeing you guys all again i'm kelly